Study of the Exhaled Acetone in Type 1 Diabetes Using Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy

Abstract

The acetone concentration exhaled in the breath of three type 1 diabetes patients (two minors and one adult) and one healthy volunteer is studied using a quantum cascade laser-based spectroscopic system. Using the acetone signature between 1150 and 1250 cm(-1) and a multiline fitting method, the concentration variations on the order of parts per billion by volume were measured. Blood glucose and ketone concentrations in blood measurements were performed simultaneously to study their relation with acetone in exhaled breath. We focus on personalized studies to better understand the role of acetone in diabetes. For each volunteer, we performed a series of measurements over a period of time, including overnight fastings of 11 ± 1 h and during ketosis-hyperglycemia events for the minors. Our results highlight the importance of performing personalized studies because the response of the minors to the presence of ketosis was consistent but unique for each individual. Also, our results emphasize the need for performing more studies with T1D minors, because the acetone concentration in the breath of the minors differs, with respect to those reported in the literature, which are based on adults.

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy

“…Reyes-Reyes et al employed a pulsed EC-QCL covering the spectroscopic region between 850 and 1250 cm À1 to perform direct absorption spectroscopy using a multipass gas cell with an optical path of approx. 55 m. 137 After computational removal of the water absorption lines, the acetone concentration was obtained by multiline fitting with a limit of detection of 0.15 ppmv.…”

A Portable Real-Time Ringdown Breath Acetone Analyzer: Toward Potential Diabetic Screening and Management

“…To date, there are more than 2000 VOCs in low concentrations, from parts per million (ppm) to parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt), identified to be present in exhaled human breath. Breath acetone has long been known as a breath biomarker for diabetes [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Effort on breath acetone analysis using various methods and technologies toward diabetes diagnostics and monitoring has been made over the past 50 years.…”

Room temperature surface emission on large-area photonic crystal quantum cascade lasers

“…The photonic band structure is measured with high spectral (0.72 cm −1 ) and angular (0.1 • ) resolution by using the photonic crystal quantum cascade laser itself as a detector.Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor laser sources that operate in the both mid-infrared [1] and terahertz region [2]. Nowadays, QCLs are the sources of choice for many laser-based applications, e.g., trace gas spectroscopy [3], process control [4], and biological sensing [5]. Surface emitting lasers are advantageous for their beam shape and the ease of two-dimensional (2D) integration [6].…”