Study of the Energy and Environmental Efficiency of the Chinese economy based on a DEA Model

Energy, CO2, and AQI Efficiency and Improvement of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

“…Miao et al [14] showed that sewage discharge free-of-charge water use and leakage are the crucial variables that constitute major contributions to the overall inefficiency value associated with urban water use. Second, others, such as Jia and Liu [15], utilize environmental indicators like CO 2 , SO 2 , and energy consumption as input variables to explore their impact on economic output. These studies' indicators are relatively simple and do not fully reflect the economic development and environmental impact due to energy use.…”

The energy-environment efficiency of road and railway sectors in China: Evidence from the provincial level

“…According to Ang (2006), the thermodynamic indicator, physical-based indicator and monetary-based indicator are used to measure energy efficiency, and the monetary-based indicator is used most widely, which can be expressed as energy consumption per unit of output, i.e., energy intensity. In addition, Hu and Wang (2006) propose a new definition of energy efficiency (total-factor energy efficiency), considering the influence of interaction between inputs on energy efficiency, which can measure the using level of energy more accurately in a country or region (Jia and Liu, 2012). Besides, Zhang et al (2014a) apply the energy-environmental performance as the mixed efficiency of energy and environment based on direction distance function, which can reflect the overall performance of energy and environment; and then decision makers could balance the bias between energy input and pollutant emissions.…”

“…Assuming technology without change within 3 years, and evaluating the decision making units (DMUs) of the DEA model with panel data in 3 years, they finally calculate the time-varying efficiency. To better make sound proposals for decision makers, generally, many studies tend to analyze the influencing factors of efficiency by the regression model in the second stage of the two-stage DEA model (Ç elen, 2013;Jia and Liu, 2012). According to the environmental economics, environmental performance is closely related to income level.…”

“…To overcome the problem, Simar and Wilson (2007) propose the bootstrapping procedure. Although the Tobit model has several limitations, it is still frequently used in regression process (Merkert and Hensher, 2011;Jia and Liu, 2012). On the one hand, it is not clear that bootstrap estimates are necessarily more reliable given that bootstrapping procedures rely on some assumptions about data generating process (Ç elen, 2013).…”

Eco-efficiency assessment of Wuhan based on data envelopment analysis approach

“…Jia and Liu [10], Andres et al [11], Tatari and Kucukvar [12] applied DEA method to evaluate energy and environmental efficiency, farming eco-efficiency and eco-efficiency of construction materials. Literatures [9][10][11][12] can give the adjustment amount of every index. And these papers evaluated eco-efficiency by incorporating undesirable outputs (pollutants) into conventional inputs.…”