Study of the embryofoetotoxicity of α-terpinene in the rat

Study of the embryofeto-toxicity of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii) latex, a natural molluscicide

“…Latex-induced reductions in fetal body weight were only slight, and were not significant when the litter was taken as the statistical unit of analysis in the groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg. Thus, in this case, as in previous experiments with other substances (12)(13)(14), the proportion of fetuses showing signs of delayed ossification proved to be a more sensitive indicator of prenatal growth retardation than fetal weight at term.…”

Study of the embryofeto-toxicity of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii) latex, a natural molluscicide

“…Latex-induced reductions in fetal body weight were only slight, and were not significant when the litter was taken as the statistical unit of analysis in the groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg. Thus, in this case, as in previous experiments with other substances (12)(13)(14), the proportion of fetuses showing signs of delayed ossification proved to be a more sensitive indicator of prenatal growth retardation than fetal weight at term.…”

The potential of natural dietary products in mitigating inflammation during pregnancy

“…For example, animal studies have reported embryo- and maternal-toxic effects of α-terpinene, including reduced maternal and fetal body weight, increased fetal kidney weights, and decreased pregnancy rate. 155 Additionally, α-terpinene has been linked to neurotoxic effects like memory impairment, neuronal DNA damage, and the inhibition of enzymes critical for neuronal plasticity, as well as oxidative, cytotoxic, and genotoxic liver injury. Similarly, citral has been shown to induce maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity at doses exceeding 60 mg kg −1 .…”

“…Nevertheless, during the perinatal framework, caution is warranted even with natural dietary compounds or key supplements, as previously stated for foods containing terpenoids, resveratrol, or lignans. 88,89,104,155,156 For this review, and considering their importance, the discussion on safety issues for diets rich in polyphenols and alkaloids, as well as folic acid supplementation, is further expanded below within the context of pregnancy.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts of Mentha arvensis L. (cornmint oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

“…For α‐terpinene [01.019], the FEEDAP Panel identified a NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day based on maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain) in a teratogenicity study in rats. The NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day was divided by a factor of 2 to take account of the nature of the study (see Araujo et al., 1996 ; ECHA, 2018 ). For cyclohexanol, a compound structurally related to several components in CG 8, a NOAEL of 159 mg/kg bw was derived from a 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats (Api et al., 2021).…”

Study of the embryofeto-toxicity of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii) latex, a natural molluscicide

“…Latex-induced reductions in fetal body weight were only slight, and were not significant when the litter was taken as the statistical unit of analysis in the groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg. Thus, in this case, as in previous experiments with other substances (12)(13)(14), the proportion of fetuses showing signs of delayed ossification proved to be a more sensitive indicator of prenatal growth retardation than fetal weight at term.…”

The potential of natural dietary products in mitigating inflammation during pregnancy

“…For example, animal studies have reported embryo- and maternal-toxic effects of α-terpinene, including reduced maternal and fetal body weight, increased fetal kidney weights, and decreased pregnancy rate. 155 Additionally, α-terpinene has been linked to neurotoxic effects like memory impairment, neuronal DNA damage, and the inhibition of enzymes critical for neuronal plasticity, as well as oxidative, cytotoxic, and genotoxic liver injury. Similarly, citral has been shown to induce maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity at doses exceeding 60 mg kg −1 .…”

“…Nevertheless, during the perinatal framework, caution is warranted even with natural dietary compounds or key supplements, as previously stated for foods containing terpenoids, resveratrol, or lignans. 88,89,104,155,156 For this review, and considering their importance, the discussion on safety issues for diets rich in polyphenols and alkaloids, as well as folic acid supplementation, is further expanded below within the context of pregnancy.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts of Mentha arvensis L. (cornmint oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

“…For α‐terpinene [01.019], the FEEDAP Panel identified a NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day based on maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain) in a teratogenicity study in rats. The NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day was divided by a factor of 2 to take account of the nature of the study (see Araujo et al., 1996 ; ECHA, 2018 ). For cyclohexanol, a compound structurally related to several components in CG 8, a NOAEL of 159 mg/kg bw was derived from a 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats (Api et al., 2021).…”

Study of the embryofeto-toxicity of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii) latex, a natural molluscicide

“…Latex-induced reductions in fetal body weight were only slight, and were not significant when the litter was taken as the statistical unit of analysis in the groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg. Thus, in this case, as in previous experiments with other substances (12)(13)(14), the proportion of fetuses showing signs of delayed ossification proved to be a more sensitive indicator of prenatal growth retardation than fetal weight at term.…”

The potential of natural dietary products in mitigating inflammation during pregnancy

“…For example, animal studies have reported embryo- and maternal-toxic effects of α-terpinene, including reduced maternal and fetal body weight, increased fetal kidney weights, and decreased pregnancy rate. 155 Additionally, α-terpinene has been linked to neurotoxic effects like memory impairment, neuronal DNA damage, and the inhibition of enzymes critical for neuronal plasticity, as well as oxidative, cytotoxic, and genotoxic liver injury. Similarly, citral has been shown to induce maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity at doses exceeding 60 mg kg −1 .…”

“…Nevertheless, during the perinatal framework, caution is warranted even with natural dietary compounds or key supplements, as previously stated for foods containing terpenoids, resveratrol, or lignans. 88,89,104,155,156 For this review, and considering their importance, the discussion on safety issues for diets rich in polyphenols and alkaloids, as well as folic acid supplementation, is further expanded below within the context of pregnancy.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts of Mentha arvensis L. (cornmint oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

“…For α‐terpinene [01.019], the FEEDAP Panel identified a NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day based on maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain) in a teratogenicity study in rats. The NOAEL of 60 mg/kg bw per day was divided by a factor of 2 to take account of the nature of the study (see Araujo et al., 1996 ; ECHA, 2018 ). For cyclohexanol, a compound structurally related to several components in CG 8, a NOAEL of 159 mg/kg bw was derived from a 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats (Api et al., 2021).…”