Study of the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (EISFET) with applications in biosensor design

Shinwari, M. Waleed; Deen, M. Jamal; Landheer, D.

doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2006.10.003

Cited by 231 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Also, chemical processes can occur at the electrolyte/oxide interface affecting the semiconductor surface potential and thus modulate the devices response. The relation between this interface potential and the pH (hence the pH sensitivity) is mainly determined by the intrinsic buffer capacity of the oxide surface [3,8]. …”

Section: Field Effect Biosensors Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar development can be ambitioned for nucleic acid diagnostics since DNA/RNA detection applications have growing demand in various fields, such as pathogen identification, drug screening and diagnosis of genetic diseases [1,2,3]. Amongst the plethora of biosensing platforms, field effect devices (FED) for biological detection have surged in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the field effect transistor (FET) is one of the most exciting approaches in electrical DNA detection and characterization showing several advantages: small dimensions, fast response, integration into arrays and possibility of low-cost mass production. The simultaneous analysis of various DNA/RNA targets in miniaturized analytical systems has allowed for the development of comprehensive assay platforms ‒ lab-on-chip [3,4]. Such an example is the integrated semiconductor device enabling non-optical genome sequencing that has been subsequently spun into a commercially available DNA sequencing equipment—IonTorrent [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Field Effect Sensors for Nucleic Acid Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Veigas

Fortunato

Baptista

2015

Sensors

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In the last decade the use of field-effect-based devices has become a basic structural element in a new generation of biosensors that allow label-free DNA analysis. In particular, ion sensitive field effect transistors (FET) are the basis for the development of radical new approaches for the specific detection and characterization of DNA due to FETs’ greater signal-to-noise ratio, fast measurement capabilities, and possibility to be included in portable instrumentation. Reliable molecular characterization of DNA and/or RNA is vital for disease diagnostics and to follow up alterations in gene expression profiles. FET biosensors may become a relevant tool for molecular diagnostics and at point-of-care. The development of these devices and strategies should be carefully designed, as biomolecular recognition and detection events must occur within the Debye length. This limitation is sometimes considered to be fundamental for FET devices and considerable efforts have been made to develop better architectures. Herein we review the use of field effect sensors for nucleic acid detection strategies—from production and functionalization to integration in molecular diagnostics platforms, with special focus on those that have made their way into the diagnostics lab.

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Section: Field Effect Biosensors Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Effect Sensors for Nucleic Acid Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Veigas

Fortunato

Baptista

2015

Sensors

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“…In particular, graphene-based devices are typically operated for such applications in the regime of a field effect transistor (FET) with the surface of graphene exposed to an electrolyte containing mobile charges [4,5]. In that respect, graphene-based FETs show great promise for biochemical sensor design in comparison to the more traditional devices based on the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor FETs [6]. It was recently demonstrated by Tao et al [7] that the current through a graphene FET may be much more efficiently controlled by an electrochemical gate immersed in the electrolyte than by a metallic back gate applied though a few hundred nanometers thick insulating layer of SiO 2 , which is typically used for electronics applications of graphene [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitance of graphene in aqueous electrolytes: The effects of dielectric saturation of water and finite size of ions

Sharma

Mišković

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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We present a theoretical model for electrolytically top-gated graphene, in which we analyze the effects of dielectric saturation of water due to possibly strong electric fields near the surface of a highly charged graphene, as well as the steric effects due to the finite size of salt ions in an aqueous electrolyte. By combining two well-established analytical models for those two effects, we show that the total capacitance of the solution-gated graphene is dominated by its quantum capacitance for gating potentials 1 V, which is the range of primary interest for most sensor applications of graphene. On the other hand, at the potentials 1 V the total capacitance is dominated by a universal capacitance of the electric double layer in the electrolyte, which exhibits a dramatic decrease of capacitance with increasing gating potential due to the interplay of a fully saturated dielectric constant of water and ion crowding near graphene.

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“…In a BioFET, hybridization of a single stranded DNA (indicative of the biological species) from the sample solution with a complementary strand immobilized on its gate dielectric causes a change in the transistor characteristics that could be read out as an electrical signal. [1][2][3][4][5] For instance, changes in threshold voltage of ∼11 mV have been observed upon hybridization at very high concentrations of DNA. 6 In such systems, imposition of a highly stable potential through a miniaturized reference electrode on the gate becomes imperative to obtain highly accurate sensing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Reference Electrode with Free-Diffusion Liquid Junction

Safari

Selvaganapathy

Deen

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The accuracy of many biological and chemical sensors is critically dependent on the stability of the potential imposed or sensed through a reference electrode. As these sensors are miniaturized, the reference electrode has to be miniaturized simultaneously without any loss to its stability. In this paper, we describe a new microfluidic miniaturized silver/silver chloride reference electrode that demonstrates significantly better stability and lifetime than conventional designs. In our new design, we have miniaturized the existing format of the macroscale reference electrode and added the capability to replenish the internal solution by integrating it with a microfluidic channel. The replenishment of the internal solution significantly improves the performance of these electrodes over other miniaturized designs. We demonstrate reference electrodes that are very stable (potential variation of <0.1 mV), with minimal drift (∼1 mV) and lifetimes longer than 100 hours. We have also characterized the behavior of these electrodes to changes in pH and chlorine concentration of the external solution. The results indicate insensitivity of the microfluidic reference electrode potential to the presence of any analyte in the test solution.

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Study of the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (EISFET) with applications in biosensor design

Cited by 231 publications

References 44 publications

Field Effect Sensors for Nucleic Acid Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Field Effect Sensors for Nucleic Acid Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Capacitance of graphene in aqueous electrolytes: The effects of dielectric saturation of water and finite size of ions

Microfluidic Reference Electrode with Free-Diffusion Liquid Junction

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