Study of the economic impact of cryptosporidiosis in calves after implementing good practices to manage the disease on dairy farms in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands

Roblin, Maud; Canniere, Evi; Barbier, Anne; Daandels, Yvonne; Dellevoet-Groenewegen, Martine; Pinto, Pedro; Tsaousis, Anastasios; Leruste, Hélène; Brainard, Julii; Hunter, Paul R.; Follet, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100149

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The estimated cost of enteric diseases at the national herd in Great Britain in 2003 was 11 million GBP per annum [3]. The expenses associated with cryptosporidium infection per calf is 60.62 EUR in Belgium, 43.83 EUR in France, and 58.24 EUR in the Netherlands [4]. Based on previous studies, the prevalence of diarrhea in dairy calves varies from 38.5% in the USA, 23% in Canada, 53% in Korea, and 58% in Iran [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Neonatal calf diarrhea is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The changes associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota in neonatal calves experiencing diarrhea and its etiology are not fully understood or completely defined in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated that the fecal microbiota of calves that experience diarrhea substantially deviates from that of healthy age-matched calves. However, one key question remains: whether the changes observed in the bacterial communities (also known as dysbiosis) are a predisposing factor for, or the consequence of, gastrointestinal inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. The first objective of this literature review is to present the current information regarding the changes in the fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves and the impact of the pathogens associated with diarrhea on fecal microbiota. Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota using pre- and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases in humans and dogs. Although information regarding the use of probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea is available in cattle, little information is available regarding the use of these strategies for treating calf diarrhea and the use of prebiotics or FMT to prevent diarrhea. The second objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT for the treatment and prevention of calf diarrhea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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“…In contrast, human giardiasis is rarely mortal but is associated with malabsorptive diarrhoea and impaired childhood growth [4,5]. Both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis also cause diarrhoea in neonatal ruminants, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in the first three weeks [6][7][8][9] and significant economic losses for farmers [10,11]. Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections are typically asymptomatic in free-living animals, raising concerns about their true health impact in wildlife and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of these parasites [6,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain

Matas-Méndez,

Ávalos,

Caballero-Gómez

et al. 2024

Animals

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the main non-viral causes of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals globally. Comparatively, much less information is currently available in free-ranging carnivore species in general and in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in particular. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were investigated with molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods in individual faecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from the main population nuclei in Spain. Overall, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were detected in 2.4% (6/251) and 27.9% (70/251) of the animals examined, respectively. Positive animals to at least one of them were detected in each of the analysed population nuclei. The analysis of partial ssu rRNA gene sequences revealed the presence of rodent-adapted C. alticolis (n = 1) and C. occultus (n = 1), leporid-adapted C. cuniculus (n = 2), and zoonotic C. parvum (n = 2) within Cryptosporidium, and zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 3) within G. duodenalis. Subgenotyping analyses allowed for the identification of genotype VaA19 in C. cuniculus (gp60 locus) and sub-assemblages AI and BIII/BIV in G. duodenalis (gdh, bg, and tpi loci). This study represents the first molecular description of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in the Iberian lynx in Spain. The presence of rodent/leporid-adapted Cryptosporidium species in the surveyed animals suggests spurious infections associated to the Iberian lynx’s diet. The Iberian lynx seems a suitable host for zoonotic genetic variants of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum) and G. duodenalis (assemblages A and B), although the potential risk of human transmission is regarded as limited due to light parasite burdens and suspected low excretion of infective (oo)cysts to the environment by infected animals. More research should be conducted to ascertain the true impact of these protozoan parasites in the health status of the endangered Iberian lynx.

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Progression of the faecal microbiome in preweaning dairy calves that develop cryptosporidiosis

Hares,

Griffiths,

Barningham

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease that commonly affects calves under 6-weeks-old. The causative agent, Cryptosporidium parvum, has been associated with the abundance of specific taxa in the faecal microbiome during active infection. However, the long-term impact of these microbiome shifts, and potential effects on calf growth and health have not yet been explored. Methods 346 calves from three dairy farms had one faecal swab collected during the first week of life (W1). Thereafter, sampled calves were monitored for diarrhoeal disease and those that suffered a diarrhoea event were tested for C. parvumby lateral flow test (LFT). Calves that experienced diarrhoea and tested positive for C. parvum by LFT were assigned to the Cryptosporidium-positive (Cp+) group (n=32). Matched healthy (H) controls with no history of diarrhoea were selected from the remaining cohort (n=33). The selected subset of calves (n=65) were observed until weaning, collecting a faecal swab, at approximately Week 5 (W5) and Week 10 (W10) after birth, resulting in a total of 191 samples (W1; n=65, W5; n=64, W10; n=62). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on all extracted samples. Results Analysis of the longitudinal microbiome showed significant changes in the microbial diversity and composition across all three time points. Whilst Firmicuteswere elevated in the Cp+ group at W5 compared to the H group, no other significant differences were detected between H and Cp+ groups. Whilst the core microbiota showed some taxa were exclusive to each group, the role of these taxa in health and disease has yet to be determined. Antibiotics were also found to have an impact on the relative abundance of some taxa. Though there was a difference in daily live weight gain between H and Cp+ groups, it did not reach significance at either W5 and W10, suggesting that Cp+ calves can catch up to their healthy counterparts once the infection has resolved. Conclusions The findings of this study illustrate the changes in the microbial diversity and composition during the preweaning period in dairy calves. The results also indicate that the faecal microbiome is not predictive of cryptosporidiosis and imply that cryptosporidiosis doesn’t cause long-term gut dysbiosis. This study furthers our understanding of the parasite-microbiome relationship and its impact on the bovine host.

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Study of the economic impact of cryptosporidiosis in calves after implementing good practices to manage the disease on dairy farms in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain

Progression of the faecal microbiome in preweaning dairy calves that develop cryptosporidiosis

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