Study of the double-pulse setup with an orthogonal beam geometry for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Gautier, Céline; Fichet, Pascal; Menut, Denis; Lacour, Jean-Luc; L’Hermite, Daniel; Dubessy, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2004.05.002

Cited by 90 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Demonstrated here in figures 3 and 4, an intensity decrease is seen from singlepulse to double-pulse orientation. This event was also reported by Gautier et al [24], when they observed lower line emissions using UV ablation, from elements with lower excitation energies of approximately 4 eV, in the doublepulse reheating approach when compared to single-pulse. The elements of interest investigated here all have lower excitation energies of 1.6, 3.0, and 2.5 eV for K I 766.5 nm, Sr II 407.7 nm, and Ba II 493.4 nm, respectively, which could account for the witnessed decrease in intensity.…”

Section: Double-pulse Libssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cahoon¹,

Almirall²

2009

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used for the chemical characterization of glass to provide evidence of an association between a fragment found at a crime scene to a source of glass of known origin. Two different laser irradiances, 266 nm and 1064 nm, were used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of glass standards. Single-pulse and double-pulse configurations and lens-to-sample-distance (LTSD) settings were optimized to yield the best laser-glass coupling. Laser energy and acquisition timing delays were also optimized to ABSTRACTLaser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used for the chemical characterization of glass to provide evidence of an association between a fragment found at a crime scene to a source of glass of known origin. Two different laser irradiances, 266 nm and 1064 nm, were used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of glass standards. Single-pulse and double-pulse configurations and lens-to-sample-distance (LTSD) settings were optimized to yield the best laser-glass coupling. Laser energy and acquisition timing delays were also optimized to result in the highest signal to noise ratio. The crater morphology was examined and the mass removed was calculated for both the 266 nm and 1064nm irradiations. The analytical figures of merit suggest that the 266 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths are capable of good performance for the forensic chemical characterization of glass. The results presented here suggest that the 266 nm laser produces a better laser-glass matrix coupling resulting in a better stoichiometric representation of the glass sample. The 266 nm irradiance is therefore recommended for the forensic analysis and comparison of glass samples.

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Section: Double-pulse Libssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Improvements in the figures of merit by double-laser pulse configurations have contributed to better sensitivity and gain signal for LIBS analyses [24,25]. Several double-pulse geometric configuration approaches have been used consisting of either one laser [26], or two different lasers [27] to encompass a double-pulse LIBS setup.…”

Section: Double-pulse Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cahoon¹,

Almirall²

2009

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“…There is some controversy in the literature about the maximum interpulse separation required for the effectiveness of double-pulse excitation. Although it was demonstrated that the long relaxation time of nitrogen oxides produced by the first laser pulse in air could prolong the existence of hot air in the region where the plasma was generated up to the millisecond scale, 104 Noll 23 proposed an interpulse separation up to 200 µs in order not to re-achieve a physical equilibrium in the region irradiated by the first pulse, whereas Scaffidi et al 105 propose a time up to 100 µs, and Gautier et al 106 suggest a time up to about 50 µs in order to produce emission enhancements in double-pulse LIBS. Double-pulse excitation can be applied by using two laser sources and some electronic device, such as a delay generator (see section on Detecting Systems for details), to trigger the application of the pulses and control the interpulse separation (used in the most papers), by using just one laser source emitting pulses at high frequency (to achieve the required low interpulse separations), 107 or by using just one laser source emitting just one pulse, which is divided by a beam splitter, with the application of one of the resulting two pulses optically delayed in relation to the other pulse.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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“…[7][8][9][10] In the literature, emission enhancements up to 10-fold have been demonstrated for neutral species with respect to standard LIBS. This enhancement has been explained by a combination of an increase of material ablation and plasma volume, and reheating by the second pulse.…”

Section: A Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of aluminium alloys

Goueguel

Laville

Vidal

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (RELIBS) was investigated with the aim to improve the limit of detection of trace elements in the context of elemental analysis of aluminium alloys. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulse (7 ns, 1064 nm) was used for ablation of the samples and was followed, after a suitable delay, by an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) laser pulse (7 ns), tuned at 396.15 nm, to resonantly excite the aluminium host atoms. In particular, the Mg I 285.21 nm and Si I 288.16 nm lines were observed in the acquisition spectral window. We investigated the influence of the main experimental parameters, namely, the excitation wavelength, the interpulse delay and the ablation and excitation fluences, on the signal-to-noise ratio for the Mg I 285.21 nm line. We found that, at low ablation fluences, typically less than a few J cm À2 , the Mg signal at 285.21 nm achieved using RELIBS was significantly enhanced when compared to LIBS using the same ablation fluence. At fluences higher than 8 J cm À2 , the effect of the excitation pulse became unnoticeable and similar results were observed for both approaches. The optimum conditions were achieved for an interpulse delay of about 30 ns, an ablation fluence of about 3.8 J cm À2 and an excitation fluence of about 1.1 J cm À2 . The corresponding absolute LoDs were 0.7 and 50 fg, for Mg and Si, respectively, using RELIBS. When using LIBS, they were 4 and 128 fg, instead. Finally, the applicability of RELIBS in the context of a minimally destructive elemental analysis is discussed.

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Study of the double-pulse setup with an orthogonal beam geometry for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cited by 90 publications

References 37 publications

Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Wavelength Dependence on the Forensic Analysis of Glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Investigation of resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of aluminium alloys

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