Study of the Corrosion of Buried Steel Grids of Electrical Power Transmission Towers

Klunk, Marcos Antônio; Oliveira, Adriano Agnoletto; Furtado, Gilnei Goncalves; Knörnschild, Gerhard Hans; Dick, Luís Frederico Pinheiro

doi:10.1149/1.4704934

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The electric power was measured in the mills (1 and 2) and in the eco firewood using ET-5060C/ET-5060 Power Quality Analyzer -Minipa TM equipment to calculate the electric energy consumption in the production. The energy released by the equipment was calculated by the integral of the active power (W) during the operation time (Fraga et al, 2014;Klunk et al, 2012). Thus, the energy consumed by equipment was calculated by the equation:…”

Section: Hc (%) = 100 -(Insoluble Lignin Content + Total Extractive Content)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

Ruoso¹,

Bitencourt²,

Sudati³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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Biomass has a large share in the energy generation matrix, due to the regional economic benefits. This work has as main objective to evaluate the parameters used in the manufacture of briquettes produced with forest residues and the economic engineering for the manufacturer. The forest residues were: wood chips and chips of Eucalyptus spp. and barks of Pinus taeda. The evaluations were the chemical characterization of forest residues and the costs involved in the briquetting process. The forest residues presented extractive chemical composition and lignin. The production costs of the briquettes were affected mainly by the equipment, being the Pinus taeda barks the one that presented higher production cost. However, the production costs obtained in this study are approximately 20% lower than the production costs using traditional methods for forest firewood. The energy value from biomass allows the reduction of the dependence of energy, which can be used for the generation of steam or electricity, for subsistence. A fact for energy conversion is to evaluate the material moisture. It is suitable to burn residues with moisture between 45 to 55%. The consumed electric energy is important to evaluate the total costs. The energy required depends on the quality of raw material and the system employed. Forest residues is an important source for eco firewood production, contributing to energy generation and decreasing of the solid waste stored at the company. In this way, the new parameters for briquetting biomass forest wastes shown in this work, which is an important stage of the process, make economically viable and environmentally suitable the eco firewood production.

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Section: Hc (%) = 100 -(Insoluble Lignin Content + Total Extractive Content)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

Ruoso¹,

Bitencourt²,

Sudati³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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“…It is estimated that corrosion destroys one quarter of the world's annual steel production, which corresponds to about 150 million tons/year or 5 tons/sec (Landolt, 2007). A study in the United States calculated the direct cost of corrosion to be $276 billion, which corresponds to 3.1% of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2002(Koch et al, 2002.…”

Section: Corrosion Of Steel In Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corrosion damage is not always visible to the public but nevertheless can lead to structural failure, loss of life, loss of capital investment and environmental damage (Koch et al, 2002). Therefore, as more and more aging infrastructure reaches the end of its designed lifetime, the emphasis in the field of civil engineering today is on maintaining and extending the service life of valuable assets.…”

Section: Corrosion Of Steel In Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these systems, the high corrosion rate of the semi-underground foundations is usually detected. It is believed that corrosion results from stray currents that flow through the ground to close the loop between neighboring towers (Klunk et al, 2011). Stray currents here originate in the rod cables of the power line towers, induced by the strong electromagnetic and electric fields of the energized power lines (Wojcicki et al, 2003).…”

Section: High-voltage Power Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on stray current-induced steel corrosion in infrastructure

2017

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Metallic corrosion can cause substantial damage at various levels and in almost all types of infrastructure. For metallic corrosion to occur, a certain external environment and the presence of corrodents are the prerequisites. Stray current-induced corrosion, however, is a rather underestimated issue in the field of corrosion and civil engineering. Stray current arising from power sources and then circulating in metal structures may initiate corrosion or even accelerate existing corrosion processes. The most frequent sources of stray current are light rail transits and subways, which are also main traffic tools with continuously accelerating urbanization all over the world. Stray currents from these systems may easily flow into nearby metallic structures, making stray current-induced corrosion the most severe form of damage of buried structures, such as tunnels, pipelines, and various underground reinforced concrete structures. The objective of this paper is to critically review stray current-induced steel corrosion in infrastructure with regard to sources of stray current and the characteristics and mechanism of stray current corrosion in view of electrochemical aspects. The methods and techniques for the evaluation, monitoring, and control of stray current-induced corrosion for steel and reinforced concrete structures are also presented and discussed.

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“…Adsorption is referred to as one of the most efficient and feasible methods for discoloring an effluent (Ali, 2012; Al-Anber and Al-Anber, 2008). It is advantageous in terms of the possibility of re-use of process water, initial cost, ease of operation and insensitivity to toxic substances (Fraga et al, 2014;Klunk et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2012;Atun et al, 2011). The present work has the objective of studying the adsorption of the dye crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) using molecular sieves (zeolites) as adsorbent material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Study of Crystal Violet and Malachite Green Dyes in Zeolitic Material

Klunk¹,

Dasgupta²,

Das³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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Violet crystal and malachite green are dyes used in the textile industry. These organic compounds are toxic agents capable of polluting water resources as well as destroying the existing biota in this location. The decolorization of textile effluents has always been a global problem, but it has accentuated over time with increasing scale operation and changes in the origin of the dyes used. Decolorization of wastewater achieved by physically removing the dye from the water or by destroying its chromophore group. Adsorption is referred to as one of the most efficient and feasible methods for discoloring an effluent. Molecular sieves (zeolites) showed to be an efficient alternative in the discoloration of textile effluents when compared to other processes in the industry. Sodalite is a zeolite that has the ability to adsorb the azo functional groups related to color. The focus of this work is to use sodalite in the process of discoloration of a synthetic solution of crystal violet and malachite green. The experiments performed by varying the contact times between the zeolitic material and the synthetic solutions of the dyes. The results revealed that both dyes had a decolorization process. According to analyzes, greater times of contact (12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) with sodalite is more efficient in the removal color. A decisive factor in this process is the higher Si/Al ratio (2.5) of sodalite that potentiates the process and efficiency of the experiments.

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Study of the Corrosion of Buried Steel Grids of Electrical Power Transmission Towers

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

New Parameters for the Forest Biomass Waste Ecofirewood Manufacturing Process Optimization

A review on stray current-induced steel corrosion in infrastructure

Adsorption Study of Crystal Violet and Malachite Green Dyes in Zeolitic Material

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