Study of the correlation between Covid-19 cases and deaths and basic sanitation in Brazil: Is this a possible secondary route of virus transmission?

Silva, Mateus Guimarães da; Carniel, Alessandra dos Santos

doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100149

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…• Enhanced investment to assure universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in households, schools, healthcare facilities, and other public spaces to significantly mitigate COVID-19-related public health risks [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Ways Of Reducing Productivity Losses Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

MUSANGO,

MANDROSOVOLOLONA,

Fidiniaina

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background As of 3 March 2023, Madagascar had conducted 525,461 COVID-19 tests, which revealed a total of 67,865 cases, comprising 66,433 recovered cases, ten active cases, and 1,422 deaths. To date, no study has attempted to estimate the total present value of human lives lost $\left({TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}\right)$, productivity losses, and potential total productivity losses (or indirect costs) averted through COVID-19 vaccination for use in advocacy. The study reported in this paper attempted to bridge those information gaps. Methods A human capital model (HCM) was used to estimate the ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$, i.e., sum of the discounted value of human life losses amongst persons in seven age groups $\left({PVHL}_{i}\right)$: 1 = under 5 years, 2 = 5 to 14 years, 3 = 15 to 24 years, 4 = 25 to 34 years, 5 = 35 to 44 years, 6 = 45 to 59 years, and 7 = 60 years and older. Each age group ${PVHL}_{i=1,\dots ,7}$ was obtained through the multiplication of discount factor, undiscounted year of life, non-health gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and age group’s number of COVID-19 deaths. To test the robustness of the results, the HCM was re-run five times, assuming (i) a 5% discount rate, (ii) a 10% discount rate, (iii) Africa’s highest average life expectancy at birth of 78.76 years (Algeria females), (iv) the world highest life expectancy of 88.17 years (Hong Kong females), and (v) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66. The projections of productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination were done assuming 100%, 70%, 52.4%, and 8.266% coverage. Results The 1,422 human lives lost due to COVID-19 had a ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ of Int$ 46,485,587.15; and a mean of Int$ 32,690.28 per human life. Re-run of the model with (i) discount rates of 5% and 10% reduced ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.26% and 53%, respectively; (ii) average life expectancies of 78.76 years and 88.17 years grew ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.72% and 39.49%, respectively; (iii) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66 augmented ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 703%. Vaccinating 70% of the target population could potentially save the country Int$ 965,088,931 (1.71% of GDP). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic has cost Madagascar substantive health and productivity losses. Potentially, the losses could be significantly reduced by optimizing COVID-19 vaccination coverage of the target population.

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Section: Ways Of Reducing Productivity Losses Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

MUSANGO,

MANDROSOVOLOLONA,

Fidiniaina

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

Arienzo,

Gallo,

Tomassetti

et al. 2023

Pathogens and Global Health

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Relação entre saneamento básico e a taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19: um estudo de caso do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Lappicy,

Beltrão,

Bigonha

2023

Cad. Téc. Eng. Sanit. Ambiente.

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Conhecida a relação entre a falta de saneamento básico e algumas doenças, especialmente as de veiculação hídrica, foi verificada se essa relação existe para o caso da COVID-19. Para fazer essa análise, utilizaramse indicadores do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento de abastecimento de água e coleta de esgoto para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, detalhados a nível municipal (BRASIL, 2019b), e também dados do Painel Coronavírus, da Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2022). Para verificar a possível relação, optouse por utilizar modelos lineares generalizados, que são uma extensão da regressão linear (DOBSON; BARNETT, 2002). Foram avaliados três tipos de distribuição: normal; normal inversa; e gama, cada uma com diferentes funções de ligação, totalizando 10 modelos. A distribuição gama com função de ligação normal, g-1(μ) = μ, foi o modelo mais parcimonioso definido pelo critério de Akaike (AKAIKE, 1992). O modelo escolhido sugere que ambos os indicadores, de abastecimento de água e de coleta de esgoto, são significativos e trazem relação positiva e negativa, respectivamente, com a taxa de mortalidade de COVID-19.

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Study of the correlation between Covid-19 cases and deaths and basic sanitation in Brazil: Is this a possible secondary route of virus transmission?

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

Relação entre saneamento básico e a taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19: um estudo de caso do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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