Study of the Awareness of Local Residents on an Expanse of Water by a Free Association Test and Cluster Analysis

Effects of experiencing the role of imaginary future generations in decision-making: a case study of participatory deliberation in a Japanese town

“…For the detection of the clusters (called "communities," which can be interpreted as topics in the context of semantic analysis), we used the modularity (Q) value (Clauset et al 2004), employing the greedy algorithm featured in a previous study (Fortunato 2010). After creating the co-occurrence network, we digitized the reference density of each community obtained from the network based on the product of the text of respondents and the word frequency matrix, as implemented by Suga et al (1993). We then applied a multiple factor analysis and visualized the mutual correlation with the intensity of each topic (community) as a vector on the correlation circle.…”

“Future Compass”, a Tool That Allows Us to See the Right Horizon—Integration of Topic Modeling and Multiple-Factor Analysis

“…The first section contains questions related to the demographic information of the survey participants, gender and age, with the purpose of checking for extreme bias in the responses when narrowed down to valid responses. In the second section, referring to Suga and Oi (1995) [20] and Sugino et al (2017) [35], which are previous studies on residents' consciousness and attitudes toward the natural environment, we employed a free-association survey method (a method in which respondents are presented with certain stimulus word(s) and asked to freely describe what they associate with the words) and asked them to describe what they "desired" and "undesired" regarding the future of Tokyo Bay; hereinafter, PFV (positive future vision) and NFV (negative future vision), respectively. In most surveys of residents' attitudes, the researcher formulates questions in line with the problem set and asks for responses in the form of a choice or a rating scale [36].…”

“…Also, previous studies on public perceptions have utilized Likert-type questionnaires in an attempt for quantification. Although these questionnaires are easily quantifiable, they are often limited to capture the variety of the personal value individuals assign to the environment based on their experiences and memories since the range of questions is always limited by the experience, assumptions, and awareness of researchers [20]. In addition, from the perspective of public involvement in the management and planning of bays and coastal zones, the following challenges to its effective implementation exist.…”