Study of the apices of human permanent teeth with the use of a scanning electron microscope

Morfis, A; Sylaras, S.N.; Georgopoulou, Maria; Kernani, M.; Prountzos, F

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(94)90281-x

Cited by 97 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…이전의 많은 연구들에서 근단공의 크기 및 형태를 관찰, 분석하기 위하여 여러 연구 방법이 보고되었다. SEM 관찰 19) 및 three-dimensional imaging technique 23) , highresolution tomography technique 24) 등을 사용하여 측정 의 정확성을 향상시키고 오차를 감소시키고자 하였으나, 근 단공의 정확하고 표준화된 분석은 불가능한 실정이다. 입체 현미경은 치아의 외형을 분석하는데 신뢰성이 있으며, 근단 공을 평가하는데 사용되고 있다 10) .…”

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Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Jeong

Park

et al. 2009

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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The aim of this study was to investigate the shapes and diameters of the physiological foramen and anatomy of the root canal at 3mm from apex in mandibular first molars.Sixty mandibular first molars were randomly selected. The apical anatomy of 60 mandibular first molars was investigated by means of a stereomicroscope (60x magnification).The results were as follows; 1. There was a high percentage of two physiological foramina in mesial (61.67%) and one foramen in distal(71.66%) roots of mandibular first molars.2.There was a high frequency of accessory foramina in mesial roots with one foramen (26.07%).3. The diameters of physiological foramen was as follows:•0.329mm in single mesial foramen •0.266mm in mesiobuccal foramen and 0.246mm in mesiolingual foramen •0.375mm in single distal foramen •0.291mm in distobuccal foramen and 0.237mm in distolingual foramen 4. The most common physiological foramen shape was oval (69.93%). 5. The incidence of isthmus in mesial root at 3mm from apex was 55%. The 3mm-sections contained a complete isthmus 31.66% and a partial isthmus 23.34%.6. 3mm from the apex, the most common canal shape was oval (50.64%). Knowledge of the apical anatomy of mandibular first molar would be necessary for success of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic treatment. [J Kor Acad Cons Dent 34(2):136-143, 2009]

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Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Jeong

Park

et al. 2009

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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“…Apex location varies; these variations can be approximated but not usually determined using only a diagnostic radiograph [18,19] . However, this determination is an estimate, using average measurements of distances from the apical foramen to the true apex and from the apical constriction (or within the canal) to the apical foramen [20] . Canals may exit on the root surface at a variable distance and position from the root tip and it is impossible to judge the position of apical foramina satisfactorily from radiographs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Radio-Opaque Radio-Lucent Graduated Root Canal Length Indicating Cones (GRCLIC) in Endodontics

Bonjar¹

2007

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Radio Opaque-Radiolucent Graduated Root-Canal Length Indicating Cone (GRCLIC) is a new innovative device being introduced for the first time in endodontics literature. GRCLIC can present more accurate measurement of the root canal length in conventional radiographs in endodontic and root canal treatment. Like many other dental and medical specialties, endodontics has evolved and changed over the years. The changes that have occurred in the past 10 years, however, have been of great magnitude and profundity. The microscope, ultrasonic units with specially configured tips, superbly accurate microchip computerized apex locators, flexible nickel-titanium files in rotary engines, and greater emphasis on microscopic endodontic surgery have totally changed the way endodontics and endodontic surgery are practiced. Every part of endodontic treatment is controlled by a measurement of the instrument's penetration depth into the canal, while the length is typically determined in millimeters. In this research, GRCLIC was used to enhance the more accurate root canal length determination. GRCLIC was made simply using a thin plastic or optic fiber graduated millimeter-wise with a heavy metal salt. The idea behind the GRCLIC technique was to present a new methodology which is actually a pre-exposure insertion of a simple graduated flexible ruler into the tooth canal instead of classic measurement methods. The main proved advantage of GRCLIC is decreasing mal-measurements which usually lead to treatment failures. GRCLIC enhances the success of endodontics treatment practices.

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“…(Vertucci, 2005;Wu et al, 2017) An especially critical part of the cleaning and shaping procedures rests on the knowledge of the characteristics of the apical terminus of the preparation, that is the physiological foramen or apical constriction, in order to determine the final size of the preparation (Marroquín et al, 2004) and the type of instrument or instrumentation technique, that will be required in order to obtain a properly shaped canal (Wu et al, 2000). However, there is little evidence regarding the anatomy of the physiological foramen of maxillary premolars, even though these teeth are thought to have one of the most complex apical anatomies (Morfis et al, 1994;Vertucci).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen of Maxillary Premolars

et al. 2018

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SUMMARY:The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and diameter of the physiological foramen in maxillary premolars of a Chilean population. The sample consisted of 125 extracted maxillary premolars, in which the apical three to five millimeters were cut and observed under magnification of 40x, photographed (Motic Cam), and analyzed using Motic Images Plus 2.0 ML in order to obtain measurements of the minor and major diameter of each physiological foramen. The average minor and major diameter in maxillary premolars was 0.270 and 0.413 mm, respectively. In terms of shape, 72.19 % had oval shaped physiological foramen; 18.93 % were irregularly shaped and 8.88 % were round. Oval and irregular canals are significantly more difficult to shape and require special attention in order to obtain a thoroughly disinfected root canal system.

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Study of the apices of human permanent teeth with the use of a scanning electron microscope

Cited by 97 publications

References 11 publications

Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Introducing Radio-Opaque Radio-Lucent Graduated Root Canal Length Indicating Cones (GRCLIC) in Endodontics

Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen of Maxillary Premolars

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