Study of the aerodynamics of in-plane motion

Abstract

A computational analysis is performed of the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the blade sections of helicopter rotors in forward flight. The unsteady flow is studied through solutions of the twodimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations together with a strongly coupled two-equation model of turbulence. Two motions are studied.The first motion is that of an aerofoil subjected to harmonic in-plane oscillations. The influence of advance ratio and reduced frequency is investigated. It is shown that, in the absence of shock waves, the flow is periodic with a reduced frequency equal to that of the forcing motion. However, the flow development lags behind the forcing motion. Furthermore, for constant reduced frequency the phase lag is independent of advance ratio.In addition to harmonic motion, the aerodynamic response to a step change in Mach number is investigated. Using an assumed form of the response of lift coefficient to a step change in Mach number, a lift transfer operator for step changes in Mach number is obtained in the Laplace domain. An analytical expression for the response to harmonic Mach number oscillations is then obtained from the transfer operator. The resulting formulation for the aerodynamic response confirms that the lag between the forcing motion and the aerodynamic response is independent of advance ratio.

Three-dimensional indicial response of finite aspect ratio yawed wings

“…Leishman (3) has presented techniques for identifying indicial functions from oscillatory experiments, while Sitaraman and Baeder (4) proposed using computational fluid dynamics to extract indicial models directly from impulse responses. Shaw and Qin (5,6) independently proposed the use of step inputs to obtain indicial functions for both pitch and in-plane responses and…”