“…The interactions between proteins and metal surfaces has received extensive attention due to the potential benefits or pitfalls that may be found in pharmaceutical, food processing, and other biotechnological applications (Deligianni et al, ; Fukuzaki, Urano, & Nagata, ; Hegg & Burstyn, ; Krezel et al, ; Nakanishi, Sakiyama, & Imamura, ; Yang, Cavin, & Ong, ; Yashiro et al, ; Yashiro, Kawakami, Taya, Arai, & Fujii, ; Zhu & Kostić, ). Several factors including individual protein properties such as molecule size, charge, structure, and concentration as well as the composition, potential, and topography of the metal surface affect the balance of adsorption and desorption (Chandrasekaran, Dimartino, & Fee, ; Deligianni et al, ; Fukuzaki et al, ; Kim & Lund, ; Nakanishi et al, ; Yang et al, ). Differential adsorption of proteins onto solid surfaces is also strongly influenced by solute properties.…”