Study of symptoms and gene expression in four <i>Pinus</i> species after pinewood nematode infection

Franco, Albina R.; Santos, Carla S.; Roriz, Mariana; Rodrigues, Rui; Lima, Marta R. M.; Vasconcelos, Marta W.

doi:10.1017/s1479262111000062

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Variation of resistance within pine species to the PWN has been also reported in some previous studies (Kuroda 2004;Franco et al 2011;Akiba et al 2012), and prompted the launch of different breeding initiatives aimed to provide resistant genetic material to be used in areas of high risk of PWN damage (Toda and Kurinobu 2002;Nose and Shiraishi 2008;Ribeiro et al 2012). Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is the most affected tree species in Portugal (Vicente et al 2012), and the only one in Spain in which this nematode was reported (Robertson et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 74%

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

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Key message Migration ability of the PWN through wood branch tissues of adult Maritime pine trees significantly differed among Iberian provenances and this variation was related to differences in anatomical and chemical defensive traits. Abstract The pinewood nematode or pine wilt nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of the most dangerous threats to European coniferous forests, especially for the susceptible Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a valuable forest resource in South Western Europe. The PWN is vectored by beetles of the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and once inoculated in healthy branches, it quickly migrates downward to the main trunk through the resin canal system. Therefore, the anatomy of the resin canal system may modulate its migration and proliferation rates. Using material from nine Maritime pine Iberian provenances established in a common garden trial, we investigated whether these provenances differed in their (1) resin canal anatomy, (2) concentration of chemical defences (non-volatile resin and total polyphenolics) in stems and (3) ability of the PWN to migrate through the pine woody tissues in 'in vitro' bioassays. Whether variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits relates to differences in PWN migration across populations was also investigated. Significant intraspecific variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits and in nematode migration rates through pine tissues was observed. Moreover, the variation in nematode migration rate among pine provenances was related to differences in both anatomical and chemical features. Overall, this study highlights the role of plant genetics in the development of defensive traits against this harmful coniferous pest. The observed intraspecific variation should be taken into account when considering breeding as a strategy to provide areas of high risk of PWN with resistant genetic material.

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confidence: 74%

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

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Moreira

Ramos

et al. 2014

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“…Franco et al . () reported that at 10 and 20 dai important molecular alterations occur in PWN‐inoculated Pn. pinaster seedlings, resulting in several biochemical changes and, eventually, tree death at 20 dai.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in countries where the PWN is associated with epidemic disease, the social and economic effects are very serious because the timber industry generates huge revenues and provides jobs for thousands of people. In Portugal in particular, Pinus pinaster is one of the most important pine timbers; unfortunately this pine species is also the preferred PWN-host (Webster & Mota, 2008;Franco et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Susceptibility evaluation of Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica to the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

2013

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Pine wilt disease (PWD), recently introduced into Europe, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and is a devastating illness that affects mainly pine trees. It is known that the PWN is capable of infecting other conifers; however, there is currently no information on which other plant species may be susceptible to PWD. In this study, the potential susceptibility of two common species of European forests, Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica, to PWN was assessed through the monitoring of visual external symptoms, dimension and localization of the nematode population in stems, quantification of total chlorophyll, total soluble phenolics and lignin, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The degree of susceptibility was established through the comparison of symptoms with Pinus pinaster, a well-known PWN host. Furthermore, the stem ultrastructure of P. abies, C. lusitanica and Pn. pinaster was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that P. abies and C. lusitanica are resistant to PWN, and that lignin biosynthesis in these species is affected at an early stage of the infestation. Nevertheless, P. abies seems to be a compatible host that could act as a repository for PWN.

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“…In fact, Guiran and Boulbria (1985) inoculated young trees of both P. pinea and P. pinaster in France, and found that two out of 10 P. pinea trees died, although the number of recovered nematodes were very low and the authors concluded that the nematodes did not cause the tree's mortality. Similarly, Franco et al (2011) inoculated 20 seedlings of various pine species with Portuguese strains of virulent PWN, and found that P. pinea were not killed. Similarly, Franco et al (2011) inoculated 20 seedlings of various pine species with Portuguese strains of virulent PWN, and found that P. pinea were not killed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on comments provided by Portugal on the phytosanitary risk associated with Pinus pinea for the spread of pine wood nematode

2013

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Following a request from European Commission, the PLH Panel examined the comments of the Portuguese plant health authorities on a previous EFSA opinion with regard to pine wood nematode (PWN) and Pinus pinea and a report on PWN surveys in Portugal. Regarding the comment, based on behavioural responses of PWN to CO 2 and to ß-myrcene, that Monochamus galloprovincialis can feed on P. pinea without implying PWN infestation, the Panel noted the uncertainties on how chemical attraction influences the exit of PWN from the vector. The Panel agreed that P. pinea is not a preferred breeding host of M. galloprovincialis, but it noted the evidence from Italy of breeding of M. galloprovincialis in fallen woods of P. pinea, suggesting P. pinea to be an occasional host. The Panel agreed that, although pathogenicity of PWN has been recorded on P. pinea in inoculation experiments on small plants, this does not necessarily relate to pathogenicity on larger trees in the field. The additional information on Portuguese PWN surveys is not sufficient to conclude that P. pinea is resistant to PWN. The Panel also noted that asymptomatic infestations by PWN are well known in other areas, and pine species considered tolerant to PWN could still maintain it at low levels in restricted parts of a tree. The Panel concluded that there is high uncertainty concerning the classification of the risk of spread of PWN with plants and wood of P. pinea, owing to the scarcity of information on the interaction of M. galloprovincialis, PWN and P. pinea, as well as on the field resistance of P. pinea to PWN. Owing to high uncertainty related to the host potential of P. pinea, more studies on the transmission of PWN at feeding wounds and on its survival in trees and wood of P. pinea are needed. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health (the Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on comments provided by Portugal on the phytosanitary risk associated with Pinus pinea for the spread of pine wood nematode (PWN). In particular, the Panel was asked to reply to the comments of the Portuguese plant health authorities with regard to a previous scientific opinion on the phytosanitary risk associated with some coniferous species and genera for the spread of PWN (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012a). The Panel closely examined the Portuguese technical file (Sousa et al., 2012) and the clarifications received from the Portuguese authorities on the methodology and results of the PWN annual pest surveys conducted by the Portuguese national forestry authorities (Rodrigues et al., 2012). The Panel conducted its work in line with the principles described in the guidance on the evaluation of pest risk assessments and risk management options prepared by third parties (EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), 2009) and in the guidance on evaluation of risk reduction options (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012b).After consideration of the evidence provided, and after undertaking an additional literature review, the Panel reached the following conclusions on the c...

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Study of symptoms and gene expression in four Pinus species after pinewood nematode infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Susceptibility evaluation of Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica to the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Scientific Opinion on comments provided by Portugal on the phytosanitary risk associated with Pinus pinea for the spread of pine wood nematode

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