Study of Spiritual Health Determinants in Indian Saints (Sadhus) at Ujjain Kumbh Mela (Simhast) 2016

Mishra, Badrinarayan; Baghel, Anil Singh; Paliwal, Dattatray N; Chauhan, Dharampal Singh

doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00764-3

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Prior training of investigators to standardize the interviewing process, followed by conduction of a pilot survey and its SWOT analysis was conducted before the initiation of the nal study. Five Akhads (clans) representing the three important Hindu lineages; Shiva, Vishnu and Neutral/ Sikhs were randomly selected from a total of 13 that participated in the mega event 15 . Equality of participants from selected clans was ensured by systematic random sampling with a group interval of 10, and lineage proportionality was ensured by proportionate sampling method keeping representation of the clan lineage in mind.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spiritual score for individual participants was generated in accord with SAI guidelines. SAI tool consisting of 54 variables was scored on Likert Scale of1 to 5, which recorded the responses ranging from 'not at all true' as '1' to 'very true' as '5' 15,16,[18][19][20] . The select inventory was subjected to PCA suitability by conducting Reliability Statistics (Cronbach α), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure for Sampling Adequacy, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity for hypothesis testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But empirical documentation of this oldest domain among the mentioned saviours is far and few. One of the causes may be a lack of 'religion and culturesensitive tool' to do so 15 . In this research an admired and authenticated SAI (Spiritual Assessment Inventory) instrument was explored for its local relevance 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Non-duality’ and ‘Reliance’ are the ‘regression refined principal components’ that influences ‘spirituality’ in ‘Indian Saints’.

Mishra

2021

Preprint

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Background: Quantifying spirituality is a tough ordeal and pretty intricate considering its multidimensional nature. Religion and culture are its top exponents. An evaluating tool must envisage them as core components. A tool to measure spirituality by incorporating Hindu philosophy was hard to find. Thus, we choose the commonly studied SAI (Spiritual Assessment Inventory) questionnaire and attempted to extract refined components with significant predicting potentials which can pave the path for spiritual assessment among Indian Saints.Results: The legitimate KMO and Bartlett's Test of significance of SAI for 1103 participants were .878 and 0.000; its Cronbach’s α was .810. Extracted Communalities for all 54 items of SAI ranged from .404 to .709. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysed 1097 participants that yielded 2 Principal Components (PCs)having a total of 7 variables; 3 for PC 1 and 4 for PC 2. The PCs thus derived explained 59.48% of the total variance of the participant’s spiritual score. The PCA for the two extracted components reported a Cronbach's α value of .69, the KMO and Bartlett's Test of significance of .748 and 0.000, and a linear regression R2 value at .605, F .000 and sig. f change .000. Standardized Beta for extracted component variables ranged from.10 to .28 with a significance value of .000. Both the PCs had corresponding Eigenvalues > 1. The corresponding Monte Carlo PCA test of parallel lines Eigenvalues was calculated to cross-check the PCA Eigen figure for their validity. The PCA Eigen figure was found tenable after cross-checking.Conclusion: PC 1 with its 3 variables was named ‘Reliance’ and PC 2 with 4 variables were ‘Non-duality’ named. These two PCs accounted for to 59.48%of spirituality in Indian saints and demonstrated a strong positive prediction potential concerning spiritual scores (regression R2 .605) in Indian Saints.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

‘Non-duality’ and ‘Reliance’ are the ‘regression refined principal components’ that influences ‘spirituality’ in ‘Indian Saints’.

Mishra

2021

Preprint

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“…Role of family and friends was noticeable associates to spirituality. Attainment of nirvana and serving the society had notable spiritual associations during the Kumbh Mela [24]. During the Kumbh and Ardh Kumbh Mela Millions of people take bath in the river and do various religious activities near the river.…”

Section: The Spiritual Value Of the Kumbh Melamentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Public Health Management Concept and Further Challenges

2022

JCMP

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Purpose of Review: The Kumbh Mela is considered to be one of the largest and magnificent religious gatherings on Earth. The expectation of pilgrims have enhanced regarding sanitation management and due to evolvement of new pandemic like COVID -19 it became pertinent to focus more and very minutely during organization of Kumbh Mela. This paper emphasis on the comparative study of sanitation management during Kumbh Mela 2019 and earlier Kumbh Melas. It also focuses on Government's efforts to effectively implement the strategies of sanitation management with innovative approaches. It also aims to identify the shortcomings which are very important and suggestions will be provided to be helpful for next Kumbh Mela. Recent findings: The role of sanitation management has been increased enormously and the number of people participating Kumbh Mela are increasing. The great challenge is to clean the area after completion of Kumbh Mela and prevent the spreading of the infectious disease and effective disposal of garbage and sludge. Summary: Kumbh Mela is a Hindu religious gathering at the banks of India's river. The large number of pilgrims assemble and has the potential of creating large amount of garbage and sludge. This could affect the sanitation system of city and mayspread the epidemic diseases and also overwhelm the healthcare system.

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“…6,7 It has been observed that the spiritual score, an important indicator of spirituality, depends on many factors, of which sociocultural one is a key player. 8 Though there are scientific studies on them in other religions, the dearth is evident in the Hindu cult/ clan. This is due to the unavailability of a sizable study population at a fixed locality on routine occasions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociocultural Drivers of Spirituality in Indian Saints: A Principal Component Analysis

Mishra¹

2022

CIJMR

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Human health is multidomain. However, the physical component has dominated health research. Spiritual health, the component traditionally considered the pivot for health and wellness has taken a back seat. Exploring its’ different determinants in the traditional preachers will enhance our understanding of them and will be a guide for their use in the common man’s life. Aim: To find out important sociocultural factors/drivers of the spiritual health of Indian Saints. Objectives: To identify the important social and cultural determinants of spirituality in the study group by factor extraction through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Methodology: 958 connecting Indian Saints who congregated at Kumbh Mela in the holy city of Ujjain in 2016 were randomly selected in equal proportion from different sects(clans). Their sociocultural background and spiritual score were evaluated by a sociocultural questionnaire and SAI (Spiritual Assessment Inventory). The contribution of sociocultural factors to spiritual score was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression modeling. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results: 20 sociocultural factors were evaluated for component loading (factor extraction) and their impact on the spiritual score. The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure) score of Sampling Adequacy, Bartlett's test of sphericity and Communalities extraction were 0.57, sig. of 0.00 and ≥ 0.4 respectively thereby supporting; factor analysis. On PCA 6 had an eigenvalue > 1. All of these 6 principal components were found maintainable on The Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis and they together explained 66.20% of the cumulative variance. Their respective taxonomies were emancipation (PC 1), family heritage (PC 2), stimuli (PC 3), faith (PC 4), education (PC 5), and self-hegemony (PC 6). On regression analysis, the four important influencers of spirituality were; participants’ origin from a joint family (p – 0.00), their daily routine for spiritual enhancement (p-0.01), respect for other religions (p-0.00), and self-motivation (p-0.01). Conclusion: Emancipation (freedom from family bondage), the presence of religious family background, a fixed daily routine, belief in all religions, an unremitting drive for spiritual education, and self-hegemony were dominant components that determined spirituality in Indian Saints. Translating these drivers for the benefit of commoners may enrich their overall health and wellness.

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Study of Spiritual Health Determinants in Indian Saints (Sadhus) at Ujjain Kumbh Mela (Simhast) 2016

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

‘Non-duality’ and ‘Reliance’ are the ‘regression refined principal components’ that influences ‘spirituality’ in ‘Indian Saints’.

‘Non-duality’ and ‘Reliance’ are the ‘regression refined principal components’ that influences ‘spirituality’ in ‘Indian Saints’.

Change of Public Health Management Concept and Further Challenges

Sociocultural Drivers of Spirituality in Indian Saints: A Principal Component Analysis

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