Study of Socio-economic, Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Alcohol Withdrawal and Delirium Tremens in Patients of Alcohol Dependence in Indian Population

Abstract

Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Assessment of factors affecting AWS will help in early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment, hence improving the prognosis. Aim: The present study was conceived and planned to assess the socioeconomic, biochemical, and clinical predictors of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens with alcohol dependence patients in the Indian population. Study Design: Longitudinal study. Methodology: The study includes 100 patients admitted for alcohol withdrawal. Participants were assessed for detailed history, physical and mental state examination, CAGE scale (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener), AUDIT scale (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), PAWSS scale (Prediction of Alcohol withdrawal severity Score), MINIPLUS (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) scale and CIWA scale (Clinical Institute withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol) scoring along-with biochemical and hematological investigations. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Mean age of the patients observed was 33.91 years (19-70 years). A significant association between increase of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and total bilirubin levels (P= 0.208); highly significant association between low platelet counts, low potassium levels, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the development of delirium tremens and severity of alcohol withdrawal was observed (P<0.05). CAGE (P<0.014), AUDIT (P<0.001), and CIWA scores has significant association (P<0.001) with development of delirium and PAWSS showed good prediction (P<0.007) with patients having severe alcohol withdrawal. Conclusion: Our study recommends that socioeconomic and biochemical factors and predictors can be considered for early diagnosis of severity of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens.

Biochemical, Hematological, Inflammatory, and Gut Permeability Biomarkers in Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome with and without Delirium Tremens

“…In addition, it is important to consider the dynamic nature of liver enzyme changes. According to many studies, in the acute stage of AWS including accompanying DT, there is an increase in some liver enzymes, including ALT, AST, and GGT [54,55]. Since, in this study, blood was collected for analysis after resolution of severe symptoms, the findings indicate the normalization of many liver biomarkers.…”