Study of Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Uric Acid in Preeclampsia and Its Comparison With Normal Pregnancy.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is one of the common causes of maternal and foetal morbidities and mortalities. Its incidence is 4-8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia is defined as the triad of hypertension, proteinuria and oedema occurring after 20 weeks gestation in previously normotensive women. Interestingly, variable serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid levels are found in preeclampsia. The data was collected from normal pregnant women and pre-eclamptic women who were admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Samples were collected before commencement of medication and were analysed colorimetrically for calcium, magnesium and uric acid. In preeclamptic women Serum calcium, Serum Magnesium were found to be significantly lower (p<0.001) and Serum Uric acid was significantly higher (p<0.001) when compared to normal pregnant women. The findings support that Hypocalcaemia, Hypomagnesaemia and Hyperuricemia correlate to preeclampsia.Preeclampsia is one of the common causes of maternal and foetal morbidities and mortalities. Its incidence is 4-8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia is defined as the triad of hypertension, proteinuria and oedema occurring after 20 weeks gestation in previously normotensive women. The pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by an increased vascular resistance of the uterine artery and decreased perfusion of placenta. However, the exact aetiology of preeclampsia is still unknown. The results from many studies show the relationship between aggravation of the hypertensive complication and change in concentration of various chemistries in mother's serum. Interestingly, variable serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid levels are found in preeclampsia. On the physiological basis, calcium plays an important role in muscle contraction and regulation of water balance in cells. Modification of plasma calcium concentration leads to the alteration of blood pressure. The lowering of serum calcium and the increase of intracellular calcium can cause an elevation of blood pressure in pre-eclamptic mothers. The serum magnesium also decreases in women with pre-eclampsia. Generally, magnesium has been known as an essential cofactor for many enzyme systems. It also plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and peripheral vasodilatation. Magnesium sulphate appears to be safe and effective for the prevention of seizures and has been used as the drug of choice in severe eclampsia

Study on Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Uric acid Levels in Preeclamptic and Healthy Pregnant Women - A Comparative Study

“…The serum magnesium in pre-eclamptic women was also significantly lower in comparison to healthy pregnant women, which is consistent with the findings of a number of recent studies. 2,3,10,13,14,[16][17][18][19][20]24,28 An increase in renal clearance during pregnancy, poor dietary intake, consumption of minerals by growing fetal skeletal systems, and haemodilution, all contribute to hypomagnesemia. However, several studies reported no association of magnesium with preeclampsia.…”

“…This finding is compatible with the previous studies. 3,24,31,32,33 Two studies 34,35 however did not find any significant association between serum uric acid and preeclampsia. In their study, all subjects were primigravida with singleton pregnancy and were recruited before their 20 th week of gestation.…”