Study of psychological predictors and sleep quality in different grades of premenstrual syndrome

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent, cluster of symptoms and signs that develop during the 10 days before the onset of menses and subside with the onset of menstruation. It is known to affect the women's interpersonal relationships, social interactions, academic performance, sleep, emotional, and also physical well-being. Aims and Objective: This study aims to determine the psychological predictors and sleep quality in different grades of PMS. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 female nursing students, and psychological predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using depression anxiety stress scale questionnaire and also, the sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh sleep quality index and insomnia severity index (ISI). The above parameters were compared in different grades of PMS. The PMS was graded using moos questionnaire. Results: Among the 100 females, 50 belonged to mild grading, 50 belonged to moderate grading, and none of them had severe grading of PMS. On comparison of psychological predictors, the depression, anxiety, and stress scales were found be significantly elevated in moderate category when compared to mild with P = 0.03, 0.045, and 0.042, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sleep quality index showed poor quality of sleep in moderate category when compared to mild which was statistically significant with P = 0.027. However, the ISI score was high in moderate PMS when compared to mild, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The intensity of PMS is associated with elevation of depression, anxiety, stress, and poor quality of sleep. Determining the methods of coping with PMS and strengthening the young girls on this subject may enhance their quality of future life.

The menstrual cycle and the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Evidence suggests that women who suffer from PMS exhibit a higher incidence of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress [ 37 – 39 ]. Stress can modulate and inhibit menstrual cycle function via a sophisticated crosstalk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes.…”