Study of plasma amino acid levels in children with autism: An Egyptian sample

El-Baz, Farida; Zaki, Mona M.; Youssef, Ayda; ElDorry, Ghada F.; Elalfy, Dina Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.02.002

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Studies also reported less concentration of Cys in ASD patients and control after overnight fasting. These findings are compatible with increased oxidative stress and decreased detoxification capacity in ASD (ElBaz, Zaki, Youssef, ElDorry, & Elalfy, 2014; Geier et al., 2009). Similarly, another study reported low intracellular cysteine concentration in children suffering from ASD as compared to the healthy group and observed elevated levels of Hcy in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Suh, Walsh, McGinnis, Lewis, & Ames, 2008).…”

Section: Cysteine and Homocysteine As Biomarker Of Various Diseasessupporting

confidence: 60%

Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases

Rehman

Shabbir

Inam‐Ur‐Raheem

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

166

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Cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy), both sulfur‐containing amino acids (AAs), produced from methionine another sulfur‐containing amino acid, which is converted to Hcy and further converted to cysteine. This article aims to highlight the link between cysteine and Hcy, and their mechanisms, important functions, play in the body and their role as a biomarker for various types of diseases. So that using cysteine and Hcy as a biomarker, we can prevent and diagnose many diseases. This review concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) is considered as toxic for cells and is associated with different health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low levels of cysteine associated with various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer like lung and colorectal cancer, renal dysfunction‐linked conditions, and vitiligo.

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Section: Cysteine and Homocysteine As Biomarker Of Various Diseasessupporting

confidence: 60%

Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases

Rehman

Shabbir

Inam‐Ur‐Raheem

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. Three studies were conducted in the United States [ 17 , 20 , 21 ], two in China [ 15 , 22 ], two in Japan [ 23 , 24 ], two in Egypt [ 14 , 18 ], one in Saudi Arabia [ 25 ], one in India [ 16 ], and one in Italy [ 26 ]. The sample sizes varied widely, ranging from 10 [ 14 ] to 138 [ 16 ] ASD individuals and from 10 [ 14 ] to 138 [ 16 ] controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the mean age of ASD and control individuals varied broadly, ranging from 3.69±1.24 [ 15 ] to 22.2±2.2 [ 24 ] years. The systematic review identified two different biomaterials used for glutamate assays: plasma [ 14 – 18 , 20 – 23 , 25 ] and serum [ 24 , 26 ]. Moreover, seven studies performed glutamate assessment using HPLC as the analytical procedure [ 16 , 18 , 20 , 23 – 26 ], whereas four adopted LC-MS [ 14 – 15 , 21 – 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results regarding blood glutamate levels in ASD are inconsistent. Some studies have reported that plasma glutamate levels is significantly higher in ASD compared with healthy controls [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], whereas other studies have indicated no significant difference in glutamate levels between individuals with ASD and controls [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveGlutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger’s tests.ResultsTwelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD [SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58–1.40; P < 0.001] with high heterogeneity (I2 = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma [SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58–1.50; P < 0.001] but not true in serum [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41–1.99; P = 0.20]. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsBlood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD.

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“…Moreover, a meta‐analysis of 12 studies concluded that glutamate might be a potential biomarker in ASD based on higher blood glutamate levels in patients than controls . Another study, which measured essential and nonessential amino acids in autistic children, showed increases in the serum levels of glutamic acid, but with no significant differences between patients and controls . Many studies have also investigated the underlying possible GABergic dysfunction, which may lead to deficient inhibition and increased excitation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%