Study of phenol biodegradation in different agitation systems and fixed bed column: experimental, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation

Unveiling the Mechanism and Kinetics of Pollutant Attenuation by Free Radicals Triggered from Goethite in Water Distribution Systems

“…Organic transformation by residual chlorine on iron corrosion scales depends strongly on mass transfer and chemical reaction kinetics . To date, researchers have mostly evaluated the effects of different operating parameters on reaction kinetics experimentally. − Few studies have constructed kinetic models capable of predicting organic compound oxidation in potable water from WDSs based on overall chemical kinetic processes. , The conversion of soluble organics induced by corrosion scales is a heterogeneous process involving mass transfer, adsorption, reaction, and desorption steps, which contribute to the overall observed reaction rate. , Therefore, in addition to the • OH-mediated oxidation reaction, mass transfer and adsorption/desorption must be considered when simulating organic contaminant degradation by corrosion scales in WDSs. Since a mathematical model offers several practical advantages that can enhance our understanding of pollutant behavior and guide environmental management strategies, developing a kinetic model to predict the destruction of organic compounds in WDSs is highly desirable.…”

“…24−26 Few studies have constructed kinetic models capable of predicting organic compound oxidation in potable water from WDSs based on overall chemical kinetic processes. 27,28 The conversion of soluble organics induced by corrosion scales is a heterogeneous process involving mass transfer, adsorption, reaction, and desorption steps, which contribute to the overall observed reaction rate. 29,30 Therefore, in addition to the • OH-mediated oxidation reaction, mass transfer and adsorption/desorption must be considered when simulating organic contaminant degradation by corrosion scales in WDSs.…”

Application of a Combined Adsorption−Ozonation Process for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment in a Continuous Fixed-Bed Reactor

“…In humans, phenol has been reported as a potential source of skin irritation and kidney problems, and it has been associated with leukaemia and other mutagenic diseases [8]. Toxicity levels harmful to humans and aquatic life are between 9 and 25 mg L −1 [9]. In many countries, such as Brazil, its discharge into the environment is limited to a concentration of 0.5 mg L −1 and in the USA, to a concentration of less than 0.001 mg L −1 .…”

“…Different treatment methods have been proposed for the removal of phenols from wastewater, the most traditional being chemical oxidation by Fenton reaction (100%) [10], adsorption (26%) [6], extraction by liquid membrane emulsion (72%) [11], coagulation and precipitation (36.8%) [12], or activated sludge (87%) [9]. Other biological treatments [13], especially enzymatic treatments, using peroxidases (98%) [14] or tyrosinase (25%) [15] reduced the phenol concentration after 30 and 2 h respectively.…”