Study of pesticides in waters from a chalk catchment, cambridgeshire

Clark, Lewis; Gomme, Joe; Hennings, S. M.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780320104

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…3). Similarly low concentrations (1 µg l-1 or less) of these pesticide compounds, together with simazine and chlortoluron, were detected in groundwater samples from private boreholes and observation boreholes in the Chalk of the Granta catchment in eastern England (Clark et al 1991).…”

Section: Pesticide Residues In the Saturated Zonementioning

confidence: 85%

Pesticide fate and behaviour in the UK Chalk aquifer, and implications for groundwater quality

Chilton

Stuart

Gooddy

et al. 2005

QJEGH

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Field and laboratory studies have been used to assess the main factors that determine the fate and behaviour of agricultural herbicides in the Chalk aquifer of southern England. Field studies using isoproturon, chlortoluron and atrazine showed that leaching of pesticides from normal agricultural usage produces concentrations in Chalk groundwater of 0.01-1 µg l-1 for most compounds, which are comparable with the current EU drinking water standard of 0.1 µg l-1. Where significantly higher concentrations are found in groundwater (up to three or four orders of magnitude higher), these are associated with localized 'point' usage or disposal, often combined with more rapid preferential transport pathways to the water table. Studies of the degradation of isoproturon, mecoprop and atrazine showed that these compounds are significantly more persistent in the Chalk than in soils, with half-lives measured in hundreds rather than tens of days. The observed order of magnitude variation in isoproturon half-lives spatially and with time makes the choice of values for predictive modelling problematic. The implications of the results for the quality at groundwater supply sources are discussed and compared with the situation for nitrate, and uncertainties in knowledge, and therefore the requirements for further work on both transport pathways and pesticide persistence, are reviewed.

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Section: Pesticide Residues In the Saturated Zonementioning

confidence: 85%

Pesticide fate and behaviour in the UK Chalk aquifer, and implications for groundwater quality

Chilton

Stuart

Gooddy

et al. 2005

QJEGH

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“…In a Cambridgeshire (UK) study, levels of mecoprop and other herbicides were highest at times of high river flow (Hennings et al, 1990;Clark et al, 1991). Evans (1996) cites one study in which pesticide levels were up to 680 times higher during flood than under normal flow conditions.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe

Stoate¹,

Boatman²,

Borralho³

et al. 2001

Journal of Environmental Management

1,033

593

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“…In the United States, a considerable body of work exists relating to the occurrence of both parent compound pesticides and their metabolites in aquifers (Thurman et al, 1992;Baker et al, 1993;Lawrence et al, 1993;Kolpin et al, 1996;Kolpin et al, 1998;Kolpin et al, 2000a;Kolpin et al, 2000b). In the UK the number of field studies has been limited (Clark et al, 1991;Gooddy et al, 2001;Johnson et al, 2001) with researchers often concentrating on laboratory studies of transport and degradation potential (Johnson et al, 1998;Besien et al, 2000;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A field study to assess the degradation and transport of diuron and its metabolites in a calcareous soil

Gooddy

Chilton

Harrison

2002

Science of The Total Environment

104

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An experimental plot has been established on a calcareous soil in southern England to investigate the fate and transport of diuron (N'-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-N,N-dimethylurea), a commonly used phenylurea herbicide. An agricultural grade of diuron was applied to the soil surface at a rate of 6.7 kg/ha along with a potassium bromide conservative tracer applied at 200 kg/ha in early January 2001. Hand augured samples were taken at regular intervals over the next 50 days with samples collected down to 54 cm. Porewaters were extracted from the soil cores by using high speed centrifugation and the supernatant fluids were retained for analysis by HPLC for diuron and three of its metabolites, N'- [3,, N'-3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). The centrifuged soil was retained and then extracted with methanol prior to HPLC analysis for the same suite of phenylureas. A mass balance approach showed large variations in diuron distribution but on average accounted for 104% of the diuron applied. Concentrations of diuron and its metabolites were roughly five times higher in the soil than in the soil porewaters. After 50 days metabolites comprised 10% of the total diuron present in the porewater and 20% of the total diuron sorbed to the soil matrix. After 36 days a large pulse of diuron and DCPMU appeared in the porewaters and soil matrix at a depth of 54 cm, travelling an average of 0.15 cm/d faster than Br. A preferential route for diuron transport is suggested. There is evidence to suggest that degradation occurs at depth as well as at the soil surface. Metabolites generally appear to move more slowly than the parent compound. All metabolites were encountered but interpreting transport and degradation processes simultaneously proved beyond the scope of the study. Diuron was detected once in a shallow (5 m) observation well situated on the experimental plot. High concentrations of diuron and metabolites were still present in the soil and soil solutions after 50 days and remain as a source of potential groundwater contamination.

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Study of pesticides in waters from a chalk catchment, cambridgeshire

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Pesticide fate and behaviour in the UK Chalk aquifer, and implications for groundwater quality

Pesticide fate and behaviour in the UK Chalk aquifer, and implications for groundwater quality

Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe

A field study to assess the degradation and transport of diuron and its metabolites in a calcareous soil

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