Study of Per Se Performance and Heterosis for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

Abstract

The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material consisted of eight parents (including check G.TIL 4) and their 28 half-diallel crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences due to genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean values, the parents G.TIL 10, G.TIL 4 and SKT 1607 recorded maximum seed yield per plant. G.TIL 10 was top ranking for number of effective branches per plant. This parental genotype also expressed good performance for various yield components, viz., number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%) and oil content (%).The parent SKT 1608 found better for earliness, dwarfness and 1000 seed weight (g). While in case of hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2, SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 and SKT 1607 × G.TIL 2 were the best for seed yield per plant. Among the 28 F1 hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2 and SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 manifested significant positive heterosis for seed yield per plant over better parent and standard check (G.TIL 4) These two crosses also exhibited either of the significant positive heterosis for various component traits viz., plant height (cm), capsule length (cm), number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and leaf area per plant (cm2).

Heterosis and Per se performance studies in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

“…Heterosis for the number of seeds per capsule ranged from -13.61 to 30.57, -20.15 to 29.99 and -20.42 to 30.62 per cent and crosses 5, 2, 5 no of F 1 s and 6, 1 and 2 no of reciprocals showed significant positive mid parent, a better parent and standard heterosis, respectively. Cross TBS-7 x R-09 showed significant heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, TBS-105 x R-09 significant positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis and TBS-7 x R-20, TBS-10 x V-29, TBS-12 x V-29 and R-20 x V-29 exhibited significant standard heterosis over Similar results were also obtained by Kumar et al (2015), Patel et al (2016), Dela and Sharma (2019) and Chauhan et al (2019) Heterosis for 1000-seed weight ranged from -24.28 to 15.89, -26.80 to 10.96 and -16.3 to 28.89 per cent for the mid parent, better parent and standard heterosis, respectively. Two crosses viz., x x TBS-105 showed significant positive standard heterosis for this trait (Imran et al, 2017 andNayak et al, 2017 ).…”

“…The mid, better and standard heterosis for days to 50 per cent flowering rangedfrom -4.00 to 13.8, -4.6 to 12.35, -7.87 to 7.87 per cent, respectively. None of the crosses found significant negative heterosis over better parent and standard check Chauhan et al (2019). also reported significant positive heterobeltiosis in sesame.In the case of the number of branches per plant, mid, better and standard heterosis rangedfrom -23.57 to 39.27, -31.60 to 31.60 and -13.59 to 36.81 per cent, respectively Sumathi and Muralidharan (2008).…”