Study of particulate matter from Primary/Secondary Marine Aerosol and anthropogenic sources collected by a self-made passive sampler for the evaluation of the dry deposition impact on built heritage

Morillas, Héctor; Maguregui, Maite; García‐Florentino, Cristina; Marcaida, Iker; Madariaga, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.080

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…They can originate from both anthropogenic and natural, external and internal sources . In addition to anthropogenic air pollution (wet and dry airborne deposition that provides sulphate and nitrate anions, major acid‐forming components, whose role is significant in most cases of salt weathering) and road de‐icing salts, extrinsic sources of ions for precipitated salts also include natural marine aerosols in coastal areas, animal (e.g. excrements of birds) and microbiological/microorganism activities, and capillary rise of ground and soil water (composition of the latter can be additionally modified, for instance, by fertilising).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of secondary salts and their sources in deteriorated stone monuments using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, SEM‐EDS and XRD

Marszałek

2016

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Salts crystallisation is a cause of deterioration of stone monuments. Very small sizes of salt crystals, often a multiphase composition and usually low concentrations hamper their identification. Therefore, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and, in some cases, X‐ray diffraction have been used to identify the salts that crystallised within and on the weathered limestone and sandstone architectonic details of the Blessed Salomea sculpture and its arch in the cloister of the Poor Clares in Kraków, Poland. Possible sources of salts, i.e. regarding the plaster around the details, the mortar of joints of the arch and previous conservation procedures, have been discussed. The limestone sculpture reveals the presence of black crusts and the sandstone arch of white efflorescences, both stones crumble and exfoliate. Gypsum and barite were the only salts in the black crust and subflorescences of the limestone. The salts in the pore space of the sandstone include mainly aphthitalite, niter, nitratine and burkeite, while efflorescences consist of thenardite and syngenite. Such differences probably result from various precipitation conditions in narrow pore spaces and on the unconfined sandstone surface. The deterioration products have been mainly assigned to air pollution, stone itself in the case of the limestone, and migration of ions from structural elements of the arch in the case of the sandstone. The impact of the chemicals utilised for stone conservation also seems to be possible. Characterisation of the salts present in deteriorated stones can help in selecting the methods of stone desalination and conservation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of secondary salts and their sources in deteriorated stone monuments using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, SEM‐EDS and XRD

Marszałek

2016

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Elements like Au and Pd are considered traces of the gold sputtering. The sampling methodology on the collection of particles was conducted following closely the work in the literature (Morillas et al 2016).…”

Section: Sampling and Microscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview and Seasonality of PM10 and PM2.5 in Guayaquil, Ecuador

et al. 2021

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The focus of this study is the assessment of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters in ambient air in Guayaquil, a city in Ecuador that features a tropical climate. The urban annual mean concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), and particle matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters such as: PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are 31 ± 14 µg m−3, 21 ± 9 µg m−3, 7 ± 2 µg m−3 and 1 ± 1 µg m−3, respectively. Air mass studies reveal that the city receives a clean Southern Ocean breeze. Backward trajectory analysis show differences between wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, most winds come from the south and southwest, while air masses from the peri urban may contribute as pollutant sources during the wet season. Although mean values of PM10 and PM2.5 were below dangerous levels, our year-round continuous monitoring study reveals that maximum values often surpassed those permissible limits allowed by the Ecuadorian norms. A cluster analysis shows four main paths in which west and southwest clusters account for more than 93% of the pollution. Total vertical column of NO2 shows the pollution footprint is strongest during the dry season, as opposed to the wet season. A microscopic morphological characterization of ambient particles within the city during the wet and the dry season reveals coarse mode particles with irregular and rounded shapes. Particle analysis reveals that samples are composed of urban dust, anthropogenic and organic debris during the dry season while mainly urban dust during the wet season.

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“…The bricks on the exterior wall of ancient buildings have been exposed to the external environment for hundreds of years and are affected by many factors, such as acid rain, humidity [23], dry and wet depositions [24][25][26], freeze-thaw cycles [27], infiltrations by aqueous solutions [28]. These sources of deterioration, can promote efflorescence formation, loss of material and crystalline bloom, etc, especially for brick surface [15].…”

Section: Evaluating the Effect Of Surface Conditions Of The Brick On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to identify the origin of Linqing brick: Considering for impact factors, assessing reliability and providing scientific advices

Chen¹,

Long²,

Hou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Linqing brick is very famous in Chinese history. In 2008, "The manufacturing process of Linqing brick" was selected as the intangible cultural heritage list in China. Now in China, how to identify the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue in archeology and architectural history research. It can be used to verify some assumptions about the history of heritage buildings which cannot be solved only by historical documents. It can also be used to study the history of Linqing brick. Field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FPXRF) can quickly and non-destructively determine the main elements and concentrations of Linqing brick in situ. It may be significant for identifying the origin of Linqing brick. But FPXRF could be affected by many factors and it can only measure the element concentrations of surface. Which method we use can provide the most reliable data is an important issue. The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of FPXRF and to systematically evaluate different influential factors on measurement precision and accuracy, which can help with scientific advice for its use. We set up four experiments to determine the influential factors and assess reliability by cross validation using ICP-OES. Finally, we ensured that the FPXRF was reliable and determined the scientific advice required to use it to measure the main elements and concentrations of Linqing brick.

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Study of particulate matter from Primary/Secondary Marine Aerosol and anthropogenic sources collected by a self-made passive sampler for the evaluation of the dry deposition impact on built heritage

Cited by 40 publications

References 63 publications

Identification of secondary salts and their sources in deteriorated stone monuments using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, SEM‐EDS and XRD

Identification of secondary salts and their sources in deteriorated stone monuments using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, SEM‐EDS and XRD

Overview and Seasonality of PM10 and PM2.5 in Guayaquil, Ecuador

Using field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to identify the origin of Linqing brick: Considering for impact factors, assessing reliability and providing scientific advices

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