Study of particles in the ascending gas of ruptures caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Particulates in the ascending gas caused by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake: A new matter released by earthquake

“…Previous studies have found many chemical contents of ascending gas in seismically active regions. However, these chemical contents are mainly gas, such as He, Rn, CO 2 , CH 4 , Ar, O 2 , and N 2 (Giammanco et al, ; Lombardi & Voltattorni, ; Uysal et al, ; Walia et al, , ; Weinlich et al, ), and particulates occurring in ascending gas of earthquake regions have been found since the Wenchuan earthquake (Cao et al, ).…”

“…Therefore, we favour the hypothesis that earthquakes can release particulates carried by ascending gas to reach the surface. In addition, there are more particulates in ascending gas of earthquake regions than there are in the soil of background areas, indicating that seismically active regions have the highest activity of ascending gas to carry particulates (Cao et al, ).…”

“…The purple areas, light pink areas and deep pink areas are the range of composition of particulates carried by ascending gas in the Ya'an earthquake regions, in the Wenchuan earthquake regions and in the background areas, respectively. The data of Wenchuan and background areas are from Cao et al () [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

“…The compositions of particles in ascending gas (the composition data of particles carried by the ascending gas in the Wenchuan earthquake region is reproduced from Cao et al () [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

“…In addition, since researchers have observed ascending gas in seismically active regions (Italiano et al, ; Toutain & Baubron, ), the abnormal chemical contents of ascending gas have been used to predict earthquakes (Giammanco et al, ; Lombardi & Voltattorni, ; Uysal et al, ; Walia et al, , ; Weinlich et al, ). In addition, Cao et al () first proposed that particulates carried by ascending gas from ruptures caused by an earthquake could also be applied to earthquake prediction.…”