Study of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) In Vitro Embryogenesis using Young Leaves Explants

Abstract

This study reported in vitro embryogenesis of oil palm using young leaves as explants. Explants were grown in solid modified MS or Eeuwens medium containing different concentrations of NAA and 2,4-D, i.e. media C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, M1, M2, M3 and M4, to induce embryogenic calli. Compact and pearly-white, globular calli were obtained from the youngest leaf explants 28 weeks after culture.C1 media (MS medium + 107.41 µM of NAA + 100 mg.L-1 of asparagine + 100 mg.L of glutamine-1) produced the highest percentage of calli formation (30.56%), whereas C4 media (C1 supplemented with 67.86 µM of 2,-D ) was the optimal media for embryogenic callus induction. Direct embryoids were obtained from slightly older leaf explants on the C3 media containing NAA after 36 weeks of culture. However, four subcultures using the same medium with gradual reduction of auxin concentration were not successful to develop embryogenic callus and embryoid cells during the course of this study.

Dynamics of morphological and anatomical changes in leaf tissues of an interspecific hybrid of oil palm during acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis

“…Several protocols for somatic embryogenesis have been developed for oil palm owing to advantages in employing superior clones (Staritsky 1970;Corley et al 1977;Duval et al 1988;De Touchet et al 1991;Teixeira et al 1994;Rival et al 1997;Choi et al 2008;Scherwinski-Pereira et al 2010;Constantin et al 2015;Jayanthi et al 2015;Wiendi et al 2015;Lim et al 2016). However, the species's somatic embryogenesis is insufficiently known and understood.…”

ENDOGENOUS HORMONES FROM THE YOUNG LEAVES OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A RESPONSE TO In Vitro CALLUS AND EMBRYOID INDUCTION

“…The resulting clonal seedlings possess quality characteristics identical to their parents and can be produced without season constraints (Soh et al, 2011). The in vitro clonal propagation of oil palm, however, still faces the problems of poor productivity of callus and somatic embryo, with the callogenesis and embryogenesis rates as low as 14.00%-19.00% and 3.00%-7.00% (Kushairi et al, 2010), 30.00% and 5.00% (Alwee et al, 2010), 10.80% and 3.00% (Yusnita and Hapsoro, 2011), 33.33% and 7.69% (Sanputawong and Te-Chato, 2012), 15.00% and 3.00% (Marbun et al, 2015), 1.39%-30.56% and 3.63% (Wiendi et al, 2015), 13.10%-22.30% and 5.00% (Gomes et al, 2017), as well as 20.48% and 3.00%-5.00% (Karyanti et al, 2019), respectively. The use of broodstock sources with different genotypes is thought to contain different endogenous hormones and affect callus and embryoid induction abilities (Elhiti et al, 2013).…”