Study of nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. Second report. Variations in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children aged 6 years or younger when administered antimicrobial agents. Part 1

Study of nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. Variations in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in schoolchildren and adults when administered antimicrobial agents

“…The age 7-15 group was included for analysis because, among the subjects there were very few of this age, and the detection rates of S. pneumoniae and H. infl uenzae in children aged 6 years or lower are signifi cantly lower than the rates indicated in the second report. 16,17 Another reason is that, according to other reports, [19][20][21][22] resistance to S. pneumoniae and H. infl uenzae is almost fully developed by the age of about 6 years.…”

“…This is not necessarily the case with adults, however, as is indicated in various reports. [23][24][25][26][27] To compare the nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora in children examined in the second report part 1 16 and part 2 17 with those in adults, the relation between patient characteristics, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte infi ltration images (leukocyte infi ltration images) obtained from nasopharyngeal swab samples, and the type and amount of bacteria detected in adult subjects was investigated.…”

“…Some of the results of this research have already been reported in the fi rst report. 15 In addition, the second report part 1 16 and part 2 17 analyzed changes in nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora in infants aged 6 years or younger with AURTI, including AOM, on administration of antimicrobial agents, while focusing on PRSP and BLNAR. In contrast to the second report part 1 16 and part 2, 17 which cover changes in the nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora in infants, this is a report of the results of a study of trends in the nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora of adults with AURTI on administration of antimicrobial agents.…”

“…The reason for this is that, in Japan, as well as PRSP, a tendency toward an increase of β-lactamase-negative Ampicillin resistant H. infl uenzae (BLNAR) has been observed. [13][14][15][16][17][18] There have been no reports of detailed examination of the two resistant strains of PRSP and BLNAR that are involved in AURTI, including AOM. This being the case, from 2002 through 2004, while focusing on the trends of PRSP and BLNAR found in nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora, we specifi cally examined the nasopharyngeal bacterial fl ora of healthy subjects, from infants to the elderly, and AURTI patients.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Since 1993, we have conducted epidemiological studies in Japan related to the drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae involved in upper respiratory tract infections. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition to S. pneumoniae, these studies have also taken into consideration Haemophilus infl uenzae. The reason for this is that, in Japan, as well as PRSP, a tendency toward an increase of β-lactamase-negative Ampicillin resistant H. infl uenzae (BLNAR) has been observed.…”