“…A high φ
i positively contributes to the strengthening of polymer nanocomposite, due to the main role of the interphase properties in the final behavior of polymer nanocomposites [14, 24]. Also, a high φ
f typically introduces undesirable properties in nanocomposites, due to the aggregation of nanoparticles at high contents which decreases the interfacial area and promotes the stress concentration in polymer nanocomposites [25, 26]. Fig.…”
In this work, the Z interphase parameter which determines the tensile strength of interphase layers in polymer nanocomposites is presented as a function of various material and interphase properties. In this regard, the simple Pukanszky model for tensile strength of polymer nanocomposites is applied and the dependency of Z to different characteristics of constituents and interphase are illustrated by contour plots. The interphase strength (σ
i) and B interfacial parameter in Pukanszky model show direct links with Z parameter. Also, it is found that the volume fractions of nanoparticles and interphase reveal dissimilar effects on Z. A high Z is obtained by a low nanoparticle volume fraction and high content of interphase, but the best values of Z are associated with the level of B parameter.
“…A high φ
i positively contributes to the strengthening of polymer nanocomposite, due to the main role of the interphase properties in the final behavior of polymer nanocomposites [14, 24]. Also, a high φ
f typically introduces undesirable properties in nanocomposites, due to the aggregation of nanoparticles at high contents which decreases the interfacial area and promotes the stress concentration in polymer nanocomposites [25, 26]. Fig.…”
In this work, the Z interphase parameter which determines the tensile strength of interphase layers in polymer nanocomposites is presented as a function of various material and interphase properties. In this regard, the simple Pukanszky model for tensile strength of polymer nanocomposites is applied and the dependency of Z to different characteristics of constituents and interphase are illustrated by contour plots. The interphase strength (σ
i) and B interfacial parameter in Pukanszky model show direct links with Z parameter. Also, it is found that the volume fractions of nanoparticles and interphase reveal dissimilar effects on Z. A high Z is obtained by a low nanoparticle volume fraction and high content of interphase, but the best values of Z are associated with the level of B parameter.
“…Moreover, the different levels of interphase properties in these samples demonstrate the dissimilar levels of interfacial area/adhesion in nanocomposites which is infl uenced by the dispersion quality and aggregation/ agglomeration of nanoparticles and interfacial interaction between polymer and nanoparticles. [35][36][37][38][39] However, further study should be carried out by modeling or experiments to select the accurate levels of interphase properties. Now, the effects of interphase thickness and modulus on the Young's modulus of nanocomposites are investigated based on the two-step model.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many researchers have tried to prevent the aggregation/ agglomeration of nanoparticles which weakens the modulus by improving the compatibility between polymer matrix and nanoparticles through changing the surface chemistry of polymer or nanoparticles or applying a compatibilizer. [ 37,45,46 ] …”
displayed high shape recovery and good recovery speed and stress. [2] The high surface area of nanoparticles as well as the strong interfacial adhesion at nanoscale lead to formation of a different phase between polymer and filler parts as interphase. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The contribution of interphase to mechanical properties of nanocomposites is considerable, due to the high interfacial area at polymernanoparticles interfaces. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] It was reported that the interphase volume fraction exceeds the nanoparticle volume fraction in some samples demonstrating that the mechanical properties are significantly improved by both nanoparticles and interphases. [21] Therefore, many researchers have studied the interphase properties and its contribution to the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. [22,23] Joshi and Upadhyay [24] modeled a polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite by three phase representative volume element (RVE) including nanoparticles, interphase, and matrix.A two-step method is suggested to predict the Young's modulus of polymer nanocomposites assuming the interphase between polymer matrix and nanoparticles. At first, nanoparticles and their surrounding interphase are assumed as effective particles with core-shell structure and their modulus is predicted. At the next step, the effective particles are taken into account as a dispersed phase in polymer matrix and the modulus of composites is calculated. The predictions of the two-step method are compared with the experimental data in absence and presence of interphase and also, the influences of nanoparticles size as well as interphase thickness and modulus on the Young's modulus of nanocomposites are explored. The predictions of the suggested model show good agreement with the experimental data by proper ranges of interphase properties. Moreover, the interphase thickness and modulus straightly affect the modulus of nanocomposites. Also, smaller nanoparticles create a higher level of modulus for nanocomposites, due to the large surface area at interface and the strong interfacial interaction between polymer matrix and nanoparticles.
“…. However, filler agglomeration tendency and its incompatibility with matrix restrain the performance enhancement of composites . To optimize the dispersion of fillers and the interfacial adhesion between fillers and polymer matrix, it is necessary to select appropriate processing technique for composite.…”
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