Study of nanocrystals in the dynamic slip zone

Sobolev, G. A.; Kireenkova, S. M.; Morozov, Yu. A.; Smul’skaya, A. I.; Vettegren, V. I.; Кулик, В. Б.; Mamalimov, R. I.

doi:10.1134/s1069351312090030

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The present paper describes the results from the study of a glide plane that has a different mineral composition and generation conditions from those that were studied by Sobolev (2012). The plane was produced by a subhori zontal dynamic shear in the Vilyui deep fault zone.…”

Section: Conditions For the Generation Of Glide Planesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first direct nano study of the structure of a glide plane that was formed in arkose sandstone at a tempera ture below 100°C was reported by Sobolev (2012). Infra red and Raman spectroscopy were used to find that the layer of a glide plane consists of montmorillonite and ana tase in the form of nanocrystals with linear sizes of ≈15 and ≈3 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of nanocrystals and the glide-plane mechanism

Sobolev

Vettegren

Ruzhich

et al. 2015

J. Volcanolog. Seismol.

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This study is concerned with the glide plane that is produced during a dynamic fracture in a rock mass and with the section that is perpendicular to the plane. The techniques that were used include X ray, infrared, and fluorescent spectroscopy. It was found that the plane consists of quartz and albite nanocrystals surrounded with water that contain numerous defects, viz., "broken" chemical bonds and admixture atoms. The formation of such a structure seems to have reduced the friction coefficient and produced conditions for the development of an unstable slip in the rock mass.

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Section: Conditions For the Generation Of Glide Planesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of nanocrystals and the glide-plane mechanism

Sobolev

Vettegren

Ruzhich

et al. 2015

J. Volcanolog. Seismol.

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“…При полевом изучении строения эксгумированных геолого-структурных объектов зеркала скольжения и псевдотахилиты принимались как основные признаки древних косейсмических разрывных нарушений [Ruzhich, 1997;Sobolev et al, 2015Sobolev et al, , 2016Kocharyan, 2016]. Дополнительными критериями выявления глубинных сейсмогенных разрывов служили ультракатакластический характер переработки пород в разломах, состав новообразованного минерального заполнения трещин и минеральных образований на плоскостях зеркал скольжения, термохимические последствия фрикционного разогрева вещества горных пород в виде пленочного стекловидного покрытия зеркал скольжения.…”

Section: нарушенийunclassified

On the structure and formation of earthquake sources in the faults located in the subsurface and deep levels of the crust. Part II. Deep level

Ruzhich

Kocharyan

Savelieva

et al. 2018

Geodin. tektonofiz.

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In the part 2 of the study [Ruzhich, Kocharyan, 2017, we aimed at identifying the elements of paleoearthquake sources in the crust, which formed at the hypocentral depths in the exhumed Primorsky segment of the ancient collisional suture. The study area covered the southeastern margin of the Siberian craton (Pribaikalie, East Siberia). Slickensides, pseudo-tachyllite (basaltic glass) and other petrological evidence of intensive tectonic movements were sampled. The structure of the deep segments of the collisional suture were reconstructed from on the data on coseismic ruptures and faults, and the PT parameters were estimated. In the past decades, similar research problems were actively investigated (e.g. [Sibson, 1973;Byerlee, 1978;Morrowetal., 1992;Hodges, 2004;Kirkpatricketal., 2012). In Russia, the interest in studying geological and geophysical features of the deeply denuded areas in ancient faults is still limited [Sherman, 1977;Ruzhich, 1989, 1992, 1997;Savel’eva et al., 2003;Ruzhich et al., 2015; Kocharyan, 2016. The deeply denuded Primorsky segment of the collisional suture of the Siberian Craton underwent the geological evolution of a billion years. In the analysis, we used additional geological data from the petrology studies of the Main Sayan fault zone and other exhumed fault segments, including the seismogenerating faults in the Mongolia-Baikal region [Zamaraev,Ruzhich, 1978;Zamaraev et al., 1979;Ruzhich et al., 2009. From the PT conditions for the occurrence of the slickensides, pseudo-tachylyte, and the Primorsky segment structure, the40Ar/39Ar method estimated the age of the slickensides containing tourmaline at 673±4.8 Ma, which may correspond to the Neoproterozoic stage of the breakdown of the megacontinent Rodinia. Another dating, 415.4±4.1 Ma, obtained for the muscovite sample from a decompressional rupture, refers to the Early Paleozoic stage in the development of the collisional suture, when accretion of the Siberian Craton and the Olkhon terrain took place [Donskaya et al., 2003;Fedorovsky et al., 2010. Based on these ages and other available petrological data, the depths of the heterochronous systems of coseismic ruptures were estimated:18 km in the Neoproterozoic, and12 km in the Middle Paleozoic stage of the seismotectonic evolution of the crust in Pribaikalie. The deep paleoseismological settings need to be further investigated in order to more thoroughly clarify the physical and chemical conditions that contributed to the occurrence of the ancient and recent sources of strong earthquakes in the deep segments of faults in the crust. Such information is a prerequisite for further progress towards resolving the problems of securing seismic safety in various regions.

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“…Изучение собственно процесса скольжения по разлому включает условия зарождения, распространения и остановки разрыва, деформационные события, происходящие на разных масштабных уровнях, -от перемещений геоблоков [Kocharyan, 2016] до образования нанокристаллов в зеркалах скольжения, влияния на характер скольжения прочностных, фрикционных, реологических свойств материала, структуры разломной зоны, ее флюидодинамики и т.д. [Sobolev et al, 2015[Sobolev et al, , 2016b.…”

Section: о локализации деформаций в очаге и подходах к прогнозу землеunclassified

“…Следует упомянуть такие явления, как фрикционное плавление [Di Toro et al, 2006, динамическая смазка твердыми веществами [Brodsky, Kanamori, 2000], локализация нагрева на площади «действительного» контакта [Rice, 2006], макроскопическии подъем температуры и скоростное разупрочнение [Noda, 2008], термальное разложение минералов и связанные с ним увеличение порового давления и генерация слабого материала [Brantut et al, 2008;и др. ], образование силикагеля при аморфизации кварца при высоком давлении и значительных деформациях [Kirkpatrick et al, 2013], неоминерализация поверхности скольжения на уровне нанокристаллов [Sobolev et al, 2015[Sobolev et al, , 2016b.…”

Section: какие процессы следует учитывать при моделировании? управляюunclassified

Laboratory studies of slip along faults as a physical basis for a new approach to short-term earthquake prediction

Кочарян

Батухтин

2018

Geodin. tektonofiz.

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The physical effects that may prove useful for developing a new approach to short-term earthquake prediction have been studied in laboratory conditions. In seismology and earthquake foci mechanics, one of the major challenges is searching for indicators of an upcoming seismic event and attempting to reliably record such indicators by available instruments. In this regard, the best result of the laboratory studies of dynamic slip along faults would be the identification of specific macroscopic parameters controlling the deformation process, which are measurable in field. Dynamic stiffness of a fault zone seems to be an appropriate parameter. The recent laboratory experiments have shown that the value of this parameter predetermines the slip mode along the fault (unstable slip, creep, tremor, etc.), and a radical decrease in shear stiffness takes place as the fault zone reaches the metastable state. The effect discovered in the laboratory conditions gives grounds to suggest that changes in the stress-strain state of the fault zone at the final stage of earthquake preparation are detectable from the parameters of microseismic noise in the low-frequency range. Apparently, the noise records during and after the arrival of surface waves from distant earthquakes can provide the best opportunity for determining the parameters characterizing the study area. The wave oscillations with a period of a few dozen seconds have significant amplitudes and duration, which contributes to the excitation of resonance oscillations of the blocks. There are problems requiring additional laboratory experiments: estimating the size of a fault, which predetermines regularities in decreasing of the own frequency of the block-fault system; determining the ratio of the mechanical parameters of the fault in the nucleation zone and on the periphery of the future rupture, etc. Having analyzed the results of experimental studies carried out by other researchers, we conclude that laboratory experiments under normal conditions and low pressures can successfully address a number of fundamental issues on the way to creating a new approach to short-term earthquake prediction. Increasing pressure and temperature to values characteristic of seismogenic depths does not lead to the occurrence of any fundamentally new features in the behavior of the block-fault system at the stage when dynamic slip is being prepared. During slip, friction reduces due to melting, physical and chemical transformations at the micro- and nanoscales and other processes on the slipping surface, but these effects play no role at the stage when dynamic rock failure and the onset of slip are being prepared.

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Study of nanocrystals in the dynamic slip zone

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

A study of nanocrystals and the glide-plane mechanism

A study of nanocrystals and the glide-plane mechanism

On the structure and formation of earthquake sources in the faults located in the subsurface and deep levels of the crust. Part II. Deep level

Laboratory studies of slip along faults as a physical basis for a new approach to short-term earthquake prediction

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