Study of Multistage Control Strategies on Vehicle Air Conditioning Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Reinforcement learning-based control for the thermal management of the battery and occupant compartments of electric vehicles

“…For radiant heat transfer, the radiant heat transfer q 0 rad , between the temperature of the outer layer of the multilayer structure and the temperature of the outside environment must be considered, as shown in eqn (17). For convective heat transfer, the convective heat transfer q 0 conv;o , between the outer surface of the multilayer structure and the outside environment is considered as shown in eqn (18), and the convective heat transfer q 0 conv;i , between the inner surface of the multilayer structure and the air in the passenger compartment is considered as shown in eqn (19).…”

“…A multi-stage compressor control strategy using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was proposed by Liange He and other researchers with the aim of reducing W compressor . 19 This strategy aimed to keep N compressor as close as possible to the high-efficiency cooling zone and achieved temperature control by outputting different speeds in different temperature zones. This control strategy reduced energy consumption by 4.07% compared to a conventional PID control.…”