Study of morphology and chemical composition of phytoliths on the surface of paddy straw

Anala, R.; Nambisan, Padma

doi:10.1007/s10333-014-0468-5

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phytoliths can occlude small amounts of many elements, such as C, N, S, and so on (Kameník et al, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Anala and Nambisan, 2015). The C-occluded content of phytoliths ranges from less than 1 g kg -1 to as high as 100 g kg -1 (Clarke, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Fertilizer Application Promotes Phytolith Accumulation in Rice Plants

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a pot experiment was designed to elucidate the effect of varying dosages of silicon (Si) fertilizer application in Si-deficient and enriched paddy soils on rice phytolith and carbon (C) bio-sequestration within phytoliths (PhytOC). The maximum Si fertilizer dosage treatment (XG3) in the Si-deficit paddy soil resulted in an increase in the rice phytolith content by 100.77% in the stem, 29.46% in the sheath and 36.84% in the leaf compared to treatment without Si fertilizer treatment (CK). However, the maximum Si fertilizer dosage treatment (WG3) in the Si -enriched soil increased the rice phytolith content by only 32.83% in the stem, 27.01% in the sheath and 32.06% in the leaf. Overall, Si fertilizer application significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the content of the rice phytoliths in the stem, leaf and sheath in both the Si-deficient and enriched paddy soils, and the statistical results showed a positive correlation between the amount of Si fertilizer applied and the rice phytolith content, with correlation coefficients of 0.998 ( p < 0.01) in the Si-deficient soil and 0.952 ( p < 0.05) in the Si-enriched soil. In addition, the existence of phytoliths in the stem, leaf, and sheath of rice and its content in the Si-enriched soil were markedly higher than that in the Si-deficient soil. Therefore, Si fertilizer application helped to improve the phytolith content of the rice plant.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Fertilizer Application Promotes Phytolith Accumulation in Rice Plants

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Leaves (formed by leaf blades and leaf sheaths) also are silica-rich parts and contain 13% and 12% silica, respectively. Finally, roots store less silica (2%) (Anala and Nambisan, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice straw ash: A potential pozzolanic supplementary material for cementing systems

Roselló

Soriano

Santamarina

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomass waste from rice straw has many management problems, including field firing causing severe air pollution and natural organic decomposition resulting in methane emission. The conversion of this waste to ashes may offer the possibility of reusing them in cementing systems. For the first time ashes from different parts of the rice plant (Oryza sativa) were characterised from the chemical composition point of view: rice leaf ash (RLA), rice leaf sheath ash (RlsA) and rice stem ash (RsA). Microscopic studies on ashes revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of chemical elements in the remaining cellular structure (spodograms). The highest concentration of SiO 2 was found in dumbbell-shaped phytoliths (%SiO 2 > 78%). In the global chemical composition of ashes, SiO 2 was also the main oxide present. According to Vassilev's classification of chemical composition, RLA belongs to the K-MA zone (medium acid), RlsA to the K-zone (low acid) and RsA to the S-zone (high acid). Calcination temperatures ≥550 • C completely removed organic matter from the straw and ashes underwent significant sinterisation by calcining at 650 • C due to the presence of potassium chloride. Here, ashes from global straw (rice straw ash, RSA) are characterised (via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry) and tested from a reactivity point of view (reaction towards calcium hydroxide) in order to assess the possibility for its reuse in cementing systems. Results from pastes made by mixing RSA and calcium hydroxide showed that the pozzolanic reactivity of the ashes is important (hydrated lime fixation of 82% for 7 days and 87% for 28 days in RSA:hydrated lime paste) and cementing C S H gel is formed after 7 and 28 days at room temperature. Compressive strength development of Portland cement mortars with 10% and 25% replacements by RSA yielded 107% and 98% of the strength of control mortar after 28 days of curing. Frattini test confirmed the pozzolanicity of the RSA blended cements. These reactivity results are very promising in terms of the potential reuse of ashes in cementing systems.

show abstract

“…The deposition of metals like Al, Cu, Fe in phytoliths possibly alleviates the toxicity associated with these elements. Similarly, salinity stress seemed to be ameliorated by the bioaccumulation of silicophytoliths as revealed by K, Ca, and Mg in phytoliths (Anala and Nambisan, 2015 ). The segregation and compartmentalization of phytoliths embodying Si and other minerals has made isolation of these elements possible (Raven, 1983 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Demarcation of Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., S. verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., and S. viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (Cenchrinae, Paniceae, Panicoideae, Poaceae) From Phytolith Signatures

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: The role and significance of phytoliths in taxonomic diagnosis of grass species has been well documented with a focus on the types found in foliar epidermis and the synflorescence. The present paper is an attempt to broaden the scope of phytoliths in species diagnosis of grasses by developing phytolith signatures of some species of the foxtail genus Setaria P. Beauv. through in situ location and physico-chemical analysis of various phytolith morphotypes in different parts of the plant body.Methods: Clearing solution and dry ashing extraction methods were employed for in situ location and isolation of phytolith morphotypes respectively. Ultrastructural details were worked out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Morphometric and frequency data of phytolith morphotypes were also recorded. Biochemical architecture of various phytolith types was worked out through SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Data were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis.Key Results: In situ location of phytoliths revealed species specific epidermal patterns. The presence of cystoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) in the costal regions of adaxial leaf surface of S. verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. is the first report for the genus Setaria. Our results revealed marked variations in epidermal ornamentation and undulation patterns with a novel “Λ” (Lamda) type of undulated ornamentation reported in S. verticillata. Dry ashing method revealed species specific clusters of phytolith morphotypes.Conclusions: The study revealed that phytoliths can play a significant role in resolution of taxonomic identity of three species of Setaria. Each species was marked out by a unique assemblage of phytolith morphotypes from various parts of the plant body. Apart from in situ location and epidermal patterning, diagnostic shapes, frequency distribution, size dimensions, and biochemical architecture emerged as complementary traits that help in developing robust phytolith signatures for plant species.

show abstract

Study of morphology and chemical composition of phytoliths on the surface of paddy straw

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Silicon Fertilizer Application Promotes Phytolith Accumulation in Rice Plants

Silicon Fertilizer Application Promotes Phytolith Accumulation in Rice Plants

Rice straw ash: A potential pozzolanic supplementary material for cementing systems

Taxonomic Demarcation of Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., S. verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., and S. viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (Cenchrinae, Paniceae, Panicoideae, Poaceae) From Phytolith Signatures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About