Study of molecular orientation in amorphous polystyrene by the birefringence method and by infrared spectroscopy

Milagin, M. F.; Gabarayeva, A.D.; Shishkin, Ivan I.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(70)90346-1

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In fact, the second value a2sso = 90 ~ [8] would imply that for the conformations of all chain segments the transition moment would be exactly orthogonal to the chain axis, and this fact seems to be rather improbable for atactic polystyrene.…”

Section: Ir-dichroism and Birefringencementioning

confidence: 93%

Orientation analysis of uniaxially drawn polystyrene films doped with fluorescent molecules by fluorescence polarization, UV-and IR-dichroism and birefringence

Neuert

Springer

Hinrichsen

1985

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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Atactic polystyrene (PS) is doped in solution with various fluorescent molecules and cast to fdms. Rectangular samples, cut from these films, are uniaxially drawn at 100 ~ and 110 ~ The orientation of the'fluorescent probes is characterized by UVdichroism and fluorescence polarization, that of the polymer segments by IR-dichroism and birefringence. It is observed that the fluorescent molecules depending on their structure tend to orientate more or less perpendicular to the drawing direction. This can be understood by assuming that the benzene rings of the fluorescent probes try to associate to those of the polymer. As consistent values of the angle between the 2850 cm -~ transition moment and the chain axis and of the intrinsic birefringence result 70 ~ and -0.10 respectively.

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Section: Ir-dichroism and Birefringencementioning

confidence: 93%

Orientation analysis of uniaxially drawn polystyrene films doped with fluorescent molecules by fluorescence polarization, UV-and IR-dichroism and birefringence

Neuert

Springer

Hinrichsen

1985

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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“…The linear relationship between the orientation function of the main chain

f_{normalm}

and

Δ n_{or}

in Eq . has been confirmed experimentally with polymers such as PMMA , PSt , poly(ethylene terephthalate) , poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate) , poly(bisphenol‐A carbonate) , and poly(vinyl chloride) . Furthermore, the intrinsic birefringence Δ n 0 and polarizability anisotropy Δ α can be related by the following equation, demonstrating the proportional relationship between Δ n 0 and Δ α :

Δ n^{0} = \frac{2 π}{9} \times \frac{N ρ}{M} \times \frac{{(n^{2} + 2)}^{2}}{n} \times Δ α

where n is the refractive index, N is Avogadro's number, ρ is the density, and M is the molecular weight of the repeat unit of the polymer .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Mechanisms of orientational and photoelastic birefringence generation of methacrylates for the design of zero–zero‐birefringence polymers

Shafiee

Beppu

Iwasaki

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The intrinsic birefringence Dn 0 and photoelastic coefficient C of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(2,2,2-trifluroethyl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate), and poly(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) were determined. We categorized these methacrylate polymers into four birefringence-types, even though their molecular structures differed only by the substituents on the side chains. Based on the results of Dn 0 and C, novel polymers that exhibit neither orientational nor photoelastic birefringence, i.e., zero-zero-birefringence polymers, were designed and synthesized by quaternary copolymerization system. Furthermore, we confirmed that the mechanisms of orientational birefringence and photoelastic birefringence generation were different in these methacrylate polymers. The conformation of the repeat unit of the polymers was nearly constant during the generation of orientational birefringence. In contrast, the conformation of the repeat unit of the polymers changed during the generation of photoelastic birefringence in the glassy state. These findings demonstrated the reasonability of evaluating orientational and photoelastic birefringence separately, as well as the adequacy of the classification of polymers into four birefringence-types. Given these results and the fact that zero-zero-birefringence polymers could be prepared successfully by four-birefringence type monomers, we demonstrated the reasonability of the method for designing the zero-zero-birefringence polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1330SCI., 55: -1338SCI., 55: , 2015

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“…The highest EDR achieved at 13OOC was 21. The highest EDR reported for polystyrene [9] is EDR = 17.6 but for a higher temperature (T = 15OOC). Comparing the flow profiles for the oneand two-stage processes, it is cogent that the depth of the parabolas is approximately the same for EDR = 6 (one-stage) and EDR = 12 (two-stage).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The multistage ultradrawing of atactic polystyrene by solid-state coextrusion

Appelt

Porter

1981

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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Atactic polystyrene (PS) films have been highly drawn by solid-state coextrusion, The highest extrusion draw ratios, >20, ever reported for PS were achieved by a two-stage coextrusion with high-density polyethylene as the coextrudate at 130OC. Nylon 66 billets also allowed coextrusions at the PS glass transition temperature and polypropylene billets at temperatures as high as 16OOC. The coextruded amorphous PS films are fibrous, display a high degree of orientation by birefringence, and show enhanced tensile properties. Most significant, all films, including the most highly drawn ones, exhibit quantitative recovery upon rapid thermal shrinkage underlining the efficiency of deformation and thus energy storage achieved by the two-stage solid-state coextrusion.

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Study of molecular orientation in amorphous polystyrene by the birefringence method and by infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Orientation analysis of uniaxially drawn polystyrene films doped with fluorescent molecules by fluorescence polarization, UV-and IR-dichroism and birefringence

Orientation analysis of uniaxially drawn polystyrene films doped with fluorescent molecules by fluorescence polarization, UV-and IR-dichroism and birefringence

Mechanisms of orientational and photoelastic birefringence generation of methacrylates for the design of zero–zero‐birefringence polymers

The multistage ultradrawing of atactic polystyrene by solid-state coextrusion

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