Study of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of laminated composites of glass and jute fibres in epoxy for structural applications

Abstract

Composites are being used in the place of metals in many industries as they have a lower density and are cheaper than metals. In aerospace industries there is requirement for light weight together with strength, and reinforced fibre composites are superior in some critical properties compared with metals. In this study, laminated composites were fabricated with woven E-glass and jute fibres in an epoxy matrix by a hand layup method. The samples were prepared as per the relevant the America Society for Testing ad Materials (ASTM) standard and tested for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness to investigate delamination resistance. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated by an end-notched flexure test using three-point bending. The fracture toughness G IIC was calculated for a curing temperature range from 40 °C to 70 °C at intervals of 5 °C for different sets of laminated composites. The investigations revealed that when the curing temperature of laminated composites was increased from 40 °C to 70 °C, the interlaminar fracture toughness G IIC was increased in neat woven E-glass laminated composites, decreased in neat jute laminated composites, significantly increased in laminated composites with woven E-glass fibres in compression and jute fibres in tension and slightly increased when woven E-glass fibres were kept in tension and jute fibres in compression.

Effect of Marble Dust on the Mechanical, Morphological, and Wear Performance of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

“…We observed that the size of WMP particles differs and varies as per the range stated earlier. This distribution was also observed to be almost homogeneous to comply with the mixing phenomena that was performed during the fabrication [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

“…The increase in the flexural strength was because of the shear behaviour WMP provided in the composite. Upon loading the specimen, the particles of WMP deformed in the lateral direction and transferred the shear forces to the basalt fibre, which led to more considerable deformation in the lateral direction, which consequently increased the load applied and delayed the time of fracture [ 4 , 5 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

“…This happened due to the high load bearing capability of both basalt and WMP. WMP acted as a connecting chain between the basalt fibre and epoxy resin promoting transfer of stress, which led to high deformation before fracture [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Moreover, large amount of dislocation formation due to the inclusion of WMP in the composite resulted in higher energy absorption.…”

“…The formation of wear debris that was observed at 10 wt. % WMP might result from an accumulation of WMP leading to high stress concentration [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ].…”

Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Residual Behavior of Concrete Containing Marble Dust and Foundry Sand

“…The rapid drop in flexural strength is attributed to the development of widening fractures around 1000 °C. The connection between aggregate and cement pastes is weakened by shrinkage produced by the evaporation of free water and chemically bound water from the cement paste [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. The flexural strength of concrete samples tested at elevated temperatures increased by 15.6% with a 10% replacement of marble dust and foundry sand in the case of quenching up to 400 °C elevated temperature and then decreased by 51.7% with an increase in temperature ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C.…”