Study of Microbial Interaction Formed by "Candida krusei" and "Candida glabrata": "In Vitro" and "In Vivo" Studies

Abstract

Recently, the non-albicans Candida species have become recognized as an important source of infection and oral colonization by association of different species in a large number of immunosuppressed patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between C. krusei and C. glabrata in biofilms formed in vitro and their ability to colonize the oral cavity of mouse model. Monospecies and mixed biofilms were developed of each strain, on 96-well microtiter plates for 48 h. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and by determining cell viability, using the XTT hydroxide colorimetric assay. For the in vivo study, twenty-four mice received topical applications of monospecie or mixed suspensions of each strain. After 48 h, yeasts were recovered from the mice and quantified by CFU/mL count. In the biofilm assays, the results for the CFU/mL count and the XTT assay showed that the two species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro monospecie biofilm. In mixed biofilm, the CFU of C. krusei increased (p=0.0001) and C. glabrata decreased (p=0.0001). The metabolic activity observed in XTT assay of mixed biofilm was significantly reduced compared with a single C. glabrata biofilm (p=0.0001). Agreeing with CFU in vitro count, C. glabrata CFU/mL values recovered from oral cavity of mice were statistically higher in the group with single infection (p=0.0001) than the group with mixed infection. We concluded that C. krusei inhibits C. glabrata and takes advantage to colonize the oral cavity and to form biofilms.

Interactions between Terpinen-4-ol and Nystatin on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

“…According to Rossoni et al (16), for the formation of either single or mixed species biofilms, Candida albicans suspensions and/or Candida tropicalis were transferred to microtiter plates (96 wells) and maintained at 37 °C for 1 h and 30 min with stirring at 75 rpm. The wells were washed twice with sterile PBS, RPMI 1640 was added.…”

Sodium houttuyfonate enhances the mono-therapy of fluconazole on oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) through HIF-1α/IL-17 axis by inhibiting cAMP mediated filamentation in Candida albicans-Candida glabrata dual biofilms

“…After combination, SH and FLU present synergism at 8 and 64 μg/mL by XTT assay (FICI <0.125, Table 2 ). To avoid experimental inconsistencies caused by the diverse metabolic activities of C. albicans and C. glabrata [ 54 ], plate counting is used to further determine the reliability of SMIC 50 in the four dual Candida biofilms. As presented, SH causes a growth decrease of 83.5% and 38.5% of C. albicans SC5314 and C. glabrata ATCC15126 in their mixed biofilms, compared with 88.6% and 49.5% caused by FLU ( Figure 1a ).…”

Antimicrobial and Antiadhesion Activity of Biosurfactants from Rhodotorula glutinis Grown on n-dodecane

“…Surface adhesion and biofilm formation are strategies developed by pathogenic microorganisms in order to assure their survival in hostile environments like those from the human body [20]. Also, biofilm formation represents a real threat in infection treatment, since the microbial community has different phenotypical properties compared to the individual members (such as drug resistance) [2]. The antiadhesion ability of some chemical compounds is the most effective mean of combating biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms.…”

“…The yeast Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of candidemia. However, it seems that other Candida species such as C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei have an important role in causing non-albicans candidemia [1,2]. Pathogenic Candida species adhere to medical devices and subsequently form biofilms with extremely negative impact on human health [3,4].…”