Study of Menopausal Symptoms using Menopause Rating Scale at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation for more than a year resulting from the loss of follicular activity of the ovaries. It is manifested by vasomotor, psychological, and urogenital symptoms which can be assessed by an internationally accepted scale known as Menopause Rating Scale. This study was conducted to find out the issues of perimenopausal women and proceed for management and proper counseling.
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women visiting the gynecological outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 using the Menopause Rating Scale. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 20122016). Convenient sampling was done. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 90% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
 Results: Out of 189 perimenopausal women interviewed, the mean age of menopause was found to be 50.2±2.1 years. The most common gynecological symptoms among the study population was abnormal uterine bleeding 66 (34.9%) followed by abnormal vaginal discharge 50 (26.5%). Among symptoms in Menopause Rating Scale, the depressive mood was found in 99 (52.4%) cases followed by joint and muscular discomfort 88 (46.6%) and bladder problems in 87 (46%). None of the women had a score on the Menopause Rating Scale more than 16 and did not require management for their problem.
 Conclusions: Most of the women didn't know menopausal symptoms. However, none required intervention from gynecologists for their problems reflecting better quality of life.

Estimation of prevalence of risk factor of hypertension among population of Wardha district between age group of 35-60 years: a study protocol.

“…Family history of hypertension, having additional illness like diabetes or kidney disease and being over 65 years are all nonmodifiable risk factors that cannot be changed. 2 Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased by HTN by a factor of two to four. Atherosclerosis and coronary disease are now the main risks.…”

“…A vital causal factor for stroke, long-term heart disease and coronary heart disease is high BP, unhealthy diets, use of cigarettes and alcohol, inactivity, excessive salt consumption, being overweight or obese, diet high in saturated and trans fats, are some of the modifiable risk factors that may be altered. 2 Non-modifiable risk factor of HTN includes being older than 64 years, having a heredity of HTN, and having other diseased condition like diabetes or renal disease; these risk factors cannot be altered. 2 The aim of the proposed study is to estimate the prevalence of risk factor of hypertension among population of age group 35-60-years in Wardha district.…”

“…2 Non-modifiable risk factor of HTN includes being older than 64 years, having a heredity of HTN, and having other diseased condition like diabetes or renal disease; these risk factors cannot be altered. 2 The aim of the proposed study is to estimate the prevalence of risk factor of hypertension among population of age group 35-60-years in Wardha district.…”

“…The Diastolic pressure which is the second number indicates the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats. 2 HTN is regarded as the third most crucial element of danger for the associated burden of illness in South Asia. In India, the impact of HTN on the cardiovascular healthcare system and health status is significant.…”

Menopausal symptoms and utilization of menopausal hormone therapy among women aged 40-60 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

“…(6) Menopausal symptoms experienced by many women during menopausal transition and postmenopausal period. (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) Hot ashes, one of the most common symptoms, typically resolve several years later, for about 15-20% of women untreated symptoms are severe enough to interfere with quality of life. (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) For these women, estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment for relieving hot ashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and possible improvements in mood, sleep quality, and concentration.…”