Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) have attracted extensive
attention
due to the abundance of magnesium resources and huge superiority in
energy density. But the lack of suitable electrode materials hinders
the realization of MIBs. Herein, the potential of monolayer FeB2 with two-dimensional (2D) structure as anode materials for
MIBs has been comprehensively analyzed, and its performance in Li/Na/K/Ca
ions batteries using first-principles calculations has been compared.
The results indicate that the adatoms show different adsorption and
diffusion behaviors on the B and Fe sides of FeB2, which
are subject to different electron-accepting abilities of the Fe and
B layers. Besides, the FeB2 monolayer possesses a maximum
theoretical capacity of 4152 mAh g–1 for MIBs, outperforming
most 2D anode materials. The ultrahigh theoretical capacity is attributed
to the small lattice mismatch and the free electron gas protection
that enables the stable adsorption of multilayer Mg atoms on the FeB2 monolayers. Furthermore, the extremely low diffusion barrier
and open circuit voltage demonstrate the pre-eminent electrochemical
activities and performance of the FeB2 monolayer. This
work provides valuable options for the design of advanced rechargeable
metal-ion batteries with high capacity and lightweight.