Study of malachite green adsorption by organically modified clay using a batch method

Thermodynamic and kinetic study of the intrinsic adsorption capacity of graphene oxide for malachite green removal from aqueous solution

“…Then, 25 mLof the dye solution (300mg/L)was added, the pH of the solution was adjusted and it was shaken by an orbital shaker at approximately 200 rpm at ambient temperature (30°C). For optimum batch adsorption conditions, various experimental parameters were studied including pH range (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8),initial concentration of dye, temperature and contact time .After a period of shaking, the adsorbent was separated from the solutionby centrifugation for 5 min and the supernatant solution was determined spectrophotometrically.…”

“…Then, 3.0 g of NaNO 3 was added portion-wise to the mixture and stirred a further 30 min. Subsequently, solid powder of KMnO 4 (4.5%, w/v) was added to the mixture, which was always kept below 10°C in an ice bath.…”

“…This method relies on interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate.Thus,a key factor in the adsorption process is the selective adsorbent with its intrinsic functional groups. Several adsorbents that have been studied for removal of malachite green include eggshells 2 , clay 3 , rice husk, bentonite,zeolite,sawdust,rice straw,oil palm trunk fiber,degreased coffee beans,treated ginger waste,hen feathers,chitin hydrogel,chitosan beads, silica gel,acid-activated sintering process red mud, water-soluble melamine/maleic anhydride sorbent [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] ,activated carbonand other carbon-based materials [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] .However, because these adsorbents are low in either efficiency or adsorption capacity,new adsorbents have recently been developed that possess high capacity, larger specific surface area and high selectivity.…”

Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of textile dyes using modified nanoclay: Central composite design optimization

“…The removal efficiency of various natural and modified clays as the potential adsorbent for the removal of dyes is shown in Table 7. As depicted, the removal efficiency of the modified nanoclay was comparable to that of the other listed adsorbents [16,[48][49][50][51]. Therefore, the modified nanoclay can be considered as an effective adsorbent for treating the colored solutions.…”

“…There is a growing demand to develop new adsorbents for the decolorization of aqueous solutions. Natural clays have been considered as environmentally friendly, cheap, abundant and ion exchangeable adsorbents [9,[15][16][17]. Montmorillonite, as one of the most widely used clay materials, is a promising alternative to activated carbon because it is available, relatively cheap (its natural form), easily extracted, non-toxic and mechanically and chemically stable [9,18].…”