Study of Magnesium Formulations on Intestinal Cells to Influence Myometrium Cell Relaxation

Abstract

Background: Magnesium is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes including direct relaxation of smooth muscle. A magnesium imbalance can be considered the primary cause or consequence of many pathophysiological conditions. The smooth muscle tissue of the uterus, i.e., the myometrium, undergoes numerous physiological changes during life, fundamental for uterine activities, and it receives proven benefits from magnesium supplementation. However, magnesium supplements have poor absorption and bioavailability. Furthermore, no data are available on the direct interaction between intestinal absorption of magnesium and relaxation of the myometrium. Methods: Permeability in human intestinal cells (Caco-2 cells) and direct effects on myometrial cells (PHM1-41 cells) of two different forms of magnesium, i.e., sucrosomial and bisglycinate, were studied in order to verify the magnesium capacity of modulate contractility. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, magnesium concentration, contractility, and pathways involved were analyzed. Results: Data showed a better influence of buffered chelate bisglycinate on intestinal permeability and myometrial relaxation over time with a maximum effect at 3 h and greater availability compared to the sucrosomial form. Conclusions: Magnesium-buffered bisglycinate chelate showed better intestinal absorption and myometrial contraction, indicating a better chance of effectiveness in human applications.

A Combination of α-Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Blocks Endotoxin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Storm: A Possible Intervention for COVID-19

“…At the end of stimulations, 100 µL of supernatant was measured at 550 nm using a spectrometer (VICTOR X4, multilabel plate reader). Oxygen (O 2 ) was expressed as the mean ± SD (%) of nanomoles per reduced cytochrome C per micrograms of protein compared to control (45).…”

Preventing c2c12 muscular cells damage combining magnesium and potassium with vitamin D3 and curcumin

“…Cell viability was analyzed at the end of each stimulation using MTT-based in vitro Toxicology Assay Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy), as previously described. 38 Details of the method are given in Supplementary 1.…”

“…Intracellular Magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]i) was measured using Mg2+-sensitive fluorescent dye Mag-fura-2AM (Furaptra, Biotium) as previously described. 38 Briefly, the cells were incubated in a Hanks salt solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) without Mg2+ containing 10 mM glucose and supplemented with 20 mM HEPES/Tris (pH 7.4), 1.3 mM CaCl 2 , and 5 μM Mag-fura-2AM at 37 °C for 30 min. The cells loaded fluorescent with Mag-fura-2AM was monitored at regular intervals starting from 3min to 300min (15, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270) with excitation at 340 nm and 380 nm.…”

Magnesium Sulfate-Rich Natural Mineral Waters in the Treatment of Functional Constipation–A Review

“…This actually concerns magnesium, for which the involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) was suggested in 1973 [ 45 ], nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in 1994 [ 46 ] and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) in 2011 [ 47 , 48 ]. Since then, other studies have showed a role of CCK and peptide YY (PYY) endocrine secretions [ 49 ], increased expression of inducible NOS and antimicrobial action of magnesium [ 23 , 46 , 50 , 51 ]. These mechanisms require an intracellular transport of magnesium, which is allowed by the membrane transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) types 6 and 7 [ 43 ].…”