Study of Liver and Kidney Biochemical Variations in Patients with Various Morphological Types of Leukemia at a Tertiary Healthcare Hospital

Abstract

Leukemias are malignant neoplasm of the haematopoietic stem cells, arising in the bone marrow that flood the circulating blood or other organs. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of leukemia on liver and renal function of the patients at our institute. Present study is a prospective study which includes the findings and observations of 25 patients diagnosed with leukemia of various types such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Diagnosis of the patients were made by their peripheral smear examination and various parameters counted by automated haematology analyzer and their confirmation was made by using special stains and bone marrow examination. Liver and renal function tests were performed in the patients and results were observed. In acute myeloid leukemia liver function tests were found altered with mainly rise in serum alkaline and alanine transferase, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, there was marked increase in alkaline phosphatase with normal or decreased SGOT and SGPT value, in chronic myeloid leukemia increase in uric acid was observed with slight fluctuating values in SGOT/SGPT but no significant changes were seen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Hematological malignancies

“…Elevated creatinine and urea were previously reported in another study of patients with ALL; that study also observed increased liver enzymes (ALT, AST) due to renal and liver damage in leukemia patients. 23 In 2018, a study carried out by Singh et al 25 evaluated liver function in leukemia patients and concluded that both ALP and ALT increased in AML patients, whereas only ALP increased in ALL patients and slightly increased in CML patients; no significant changes in ALT and ALP were seen in CML patients. Meanwhile, AML patients in our study exhibited no significant change in creatinine levels, but Jumaah et al 26 reported in a 2021 study in Iraq that creatinine levels were increased in AML patients compared with controls.…”