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Emission of prompt gamma rays following (n,n’), (n,p) and (n,α) reactions induced by irradiation of a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sample with a beam of fission neutrons was investigated with a modified version of the FaNGaS (Fast Neutron-induced Gamma-ray Spectrometry) instrument operated at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching. The neutron spectrum has an average energy of 2.30 MeV and at sample position the fast neutron flux was (1.13 ± 0.04) × 108 cm−2 s−1. The measurement was performed at an angle of 90° between neutron beam and detector. In total, we claim the identification of 38 prompt gamma lines, from which we have assigned 12 to the (n,n’) reaction in calcium (7 for 40Ca, 1 for 42Ca and 4 for 44Ca), 1 to the 12C(n,n’)12C reaction, and 2 to the (n,n’) reaction in oxygen (1 for 16O and 1 for 18O). The other observed gamma lines are attributed to the 40Ca(n,p)40K reaction (20 lines) and to the 40Ca(n,α)37Ar reaction (3 lines). Relative intensities and fast neutron spectrum averaged partial cross sections of the gamma lines are presented and compared with available literature data. Our results were found to be in good agreement with available literature data but also improved and complemented it, as we have pointed out possible errors and identified new lines. Additionally, for a counting time of 12 h the detection limits of calcium, carbon and oxygen were determined as 5, 13 and 64 mg, respectively.
Emission of prompt gamma rays following (n,n’), (n,p) and (n,α) reactions induced by irradiation of a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sample with a beam of fission neutrons was investigated with a modified version of the FaNGaS (Fast Neutron-induced Gamma-ray Spectrometry) instrument operated at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching. The neutron spectrum has an average energy of 2.30 MeV and at sample position the fast neutron flux was (1.13 ± 0.04) × 108 cm−2 s−1. The measurement was performed at an angle of 90° between neutron beam and detector. In total, we claim the identification of 38 prompt gamma lines, from which we have assigned 12 to the (n,n’) reaction in calcium (7 for 40Ca, 1 for 42Ca and 4 for 44Ca), 1 to the 12C(n,n’)12C reaction, and 2 to the (n,n’) reaction in oxygen (1 for 16O and 1 for 18O). The other observed gamma lines are attributed to the 40Ca(n,p)40K reaction (20 lines) and to the 40Ca(n,α)37Ar reaction (3 lines). Relative intensities and fast neutron spectrum averaged partial cross sections of the gamma lines are presented and compared with available literature data. Our results were found to be in good agreement with available literature data but also improved and complemented it, as we have pointed out possible errors and identified new lines. Additionally, for a counting time of 12 h the detection limits of calcium, carbon and oxygen were determined as 5, 13 and 64 mg, respectively.
Prompt gamma rays of cerium and chlorine were investigated with the FaNGaS (Fast Neutron-induced Gamma-ray Spectrometry) instrument operated at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching. The gamma radiation was emitted from (n,n’), (n,p) and (n,α) reactions induced by the irradiation of a cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3) sample with a beam of fission neutrons. Additionally, a polyvinylchloride (PVC, (C2H3Cl)n) sample was irradiated to verify possible interferences between gamma lines of cerium and chlorine. We identified 87 prompt gamma lines of cerium and chlorine. From these, we assigned 58 lines to the (n,n’) reaction in cerium (one for 136Ce, 41 for 140Ce and 16 for 142Ce), 23 to the (n,n’) reaction in chlorine (15 for 35Cl and 8 for 37Cl), 5 lines to the 35Cl(n,p)35S reaction and 1 line to the 35Cl(n,α)32P reaction. We present relative intensities and fast-neutron spectrum-averaged partial cross sections of the aforementioned gamma lines and compare them with available literature data. Identification of new lines and discussion of possible errors adds important value to the literature data found to be consistent with our results. In addition, for a counting time of 12 h we estimate the detection limits for cerium and chlorine as 1 and 2 mg, respectively.
Prompt gamma rays of terbium emitted after (n,nʹγ) inelastic scattering reactions induced by irradiation of a terbium(III) hexahydrate (TbCl3·6H2O) sample with a beam of fission neutrons were investigated with the instrument FaNGaS (Fast Neutron-induced Gamma-ray Spectrometry) at an angle of 90° between neutron beam and detector. At sample position, the fast-neutron flux was 1.13 × 108 cm−2 s−1 and the neutron beam has an average energy of 2.30 MeV. We identified 124 prompt gamma lines from the 159Tb(n,nʹγ)159Tb reaction. Presence of prompt gamma rays from oxygen and chlorine was used for a concise verification of recently published results. Relative gamma-ray intensities, effective cross sections and fast-neutron spectrum-averaged partial production cross sections of the gamma lines are given including comparisons with available literature data. We found a reasonable agreement and the multitude of unreported lines adds decisive value to nuclear spectroscopy. Additionally, we estimated the detection limit of terbium as 1 mg for a counting time of 12 h.
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