“…During the initial stage of the expansion of a laser-produced plasma, the electronic component can be diagnosed by highspeed optical interferometry (Bychenkov et al, 1977;Atwood et al, 1978) and by Langmuir probe localized in the electron expansion region (von Gutfeld & Dreyfus, 1989;Gambino et al, 2013). The measurements of the target polarization and the target return current versus laser intensity and target properties give information on escaping electrons generated in the interaction of laser pulses with solid targets (Mendel & Olsen, 1975;Pearlman & Dahlbacka, 1977;Benjamin et al, 1979;Bialkowski et al, 1990;Cikhardt et al, 2014;Dubois et al, 2014).…”