Study of fire and explosion hazards of alternative fuel vehicles in tunnels

Li, Ying Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102871

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…In 2005, Zalosh and Weyandt commented that existing correlations for fireball size developed for hydrocarbons are slightly conservative when applied to hydrogen fireballs [5]. However, in 2019, Li claimed that the correlation by Roberts "appears to be also applicable to hydrogen" [22]. Thus, this study aims to clarify validity of the above claims and to derive the correlations for gaseous and liquid hydrogen fireball size based on the described above correlations and available experimental data.…”

Section: 2 For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hydrogen Tank Rupture in Fire in the Open Atmosphere: Hazard Distance Defined by Fireball

et al. 2021

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The engineering correlations for assessment of hazard distance defined by a size of fireball after either liquid hydrogen spill combustion or high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture in a fire in the open atmosphere (both for stand-alone and under-vehicle tanks) are presented. The term “fireball size” is used for the maximum horizontal size of a fireball that is different from the term “fireball diameter” applied to spherical or semi-spherical shape fireballs. There are different reasons for a fireball to deviate from a spherical shape, e.g., in case of tank rupture under a vehicle, the non-instantaneous opening of tank walls, etc. Two conservative correlations are built using theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental data available in the literature. The theoretical model for hydrogen fireball size assumes complete isobaric combustion of hydrogen in air and presumes its hemispherical shape as observed in the experiments and the simulations for tank rupturing at the ground level. The dependence of the fireball size on hydrogen mass and fireball’s diameter-to-height ratio is discussed. The correlation for liquid hydrogen release fireball is based on the experiments by Zabetakis (1964). The correlations can be applied as engineering tools to access hazard distances for scenarios of liquid or gaseous hydrogen storage tank rupture in a fire in the open atmosphere.

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Section: 2 For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hydrogen Tank Rupture in Fire in the Open Atmosphere: Hazard Distance Defined by Fireball

et al. 2021

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“…To evaluate the injury effect on humans and animals and the damage effect on the gas compartment itself, the space distribution [36,37] of the explosion shock wave in the gas compartment should be examined, which mainly includes the peak pressure longitudinal and transversal distributions. e propagation process of the gas explosion with different filled lengths in the gas compartment is simulated with the application of the reliable commercial CFD software FLACS.…”

Section: Blast Wave Space Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study on the Shock Wave Propagation Rule of a Gas Explosion in a Gas Compartment

Lin

Hou

Derlatka

et al. 2022

Shock and Vibration

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Combined with the k-ε turbulence model of general application, a refined finite element model of a utility tunnel’s gas compartment filled with the methane/air mixture is developed. A series of analyses are made by using the powerful industry-leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software flame acceleration simulator (FLACS) to study the shock wave propagation rule in the gas compartment. The longitudinal and transversal distribution laws of the explosion shock wave are gained taking into consideration the spatial characteristics of the gas compartment. The influences of a few parameters, such as initial conditions and section size of the gas compartment, on the shock wave propagation rule are further discussed. The basic procedure for predicting the peak pressure of the blast wave is provided by considering the initial conditions and the gas compartment, and the corresponding injury effect of the explosion wave on the living beings is assessed. The investigation demonstrates that the peak pressure by the coupled effect between the initial conditions is significantly influenced, especially at the upper and lower gas explosion limits. The peak pressure increases gradually as the width or height increases, and both basically meet the linear relation. The proposed method can forecast the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave in the gas compartment accurately. According to the peak pressure longitudinal and transversal distributions of the blast wave, the peak pressure is far greater than the killing pressure threshold in the underground and closed space; consequently, it is not safe for the living beings in the gas compartment.

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“…poisoning from toxic fumes, projectile injuries secondary to explosions or blunt force trauma) which will require swift medical care (Amundsen, 2017; Chen et al. , 2019; European Parliament, 2004; Li, 2019; Ouyang et al. , 2020; Qu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the confined nature of a tunnel, a crash may result in complex and time-sensitive injuries (e.g. poisoning from toxic fumes, projectile injuries secondary to explosions or blunt force trauma) which will require swift medical care (Amundsen, 2017;Chen et al, 2019;European Parliament, 2004;Li, 2019;Ouyang et al, 2020;Qu et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-efficiency factors in road tunnel rescue as perceived by Swedish operative personnel – an interview study

Hylander

Saveman

Björnstig

et al. 2022

IJES

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PurposeMajor incidents in road tunnels remain a collaborative challenge for the emergency services (fire and rescue service, police and ambulance), emergency dispatch centres (EDCs) and infrastructure owners. The aim of this paper is to investigate how collaborative partners to the ambulance services perceive the rescue effort and to identify factors that may influence its efficiency.Design/methodology/approachFocus group and individual interviews were conducted with 19 participants who were infrastructure owners or had operational or tactical responsibilities with the emergency services or EDCs in two regions in Sweden with multiple road tunnels. The collected data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThree main categories described efficiency factors during and after an incident: (1) coordinating the initial information (using a shared terminology), (2) achieving situational awareness (identifying those persons in need) and (3) lessons (not) learnt (lack of joint tactical plans and exercises). The emerging theme was access, assess and evaluate.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that establishing national policies and collaborative forums might yield more efficiently managed rescue efforts in road tunnel incidents in Sweden and other countries with similar organisational structures.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights on interoperability during responses to complex underground incidents.

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Study of fire and explosion hazards of alternative fuel vehicles in tunnels

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Hydrogen Tank Rupture in Fire in the Open Atmosphere: Hazard Distance Defined by Fireball

Hydrogen Tank Rupture in Fire in the Open Atmosphere: Hazard Distance Defined by Fireball

The Study on the Shock Wave Propagation Rule of a Gas Explosion in a Gas Compartment

Time-efficiency factors in road tunnel rescue as perceived by Swedish operative personnel – an interview study

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