Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model

Abstract

Estimating the influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure is a challenge for human health risk assessment. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in cherry tomatoes and contributing factors (digestion time, pH, solid/liquid ratio, and dietary nutrition) using an in vitro test simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. pH had the largest effect on triazolone precipitation in the simulated gastric intestinal juice, which had a significant impact on the bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of triazolone in the intestinal stage was slightly higher than that in the stomach stage, owing to bile salts and pancreatic enzymes present in the intestinal juice. The bioaccessibility of triazolone did not change significantly with digestion time. In the gastric stage, there was a logarithmic relationship between the bioaccessibility and solid/liquid ratio (R2 = 0.9941). The addition of oil significantly changed the bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal stage. Protein and dietary fiber only affected bioaccessibility in the stomach stage. Dietary nutrition can reduce the release of pesticides from fruits and vegetables into the stomach, sharply reducing the bioaccessibility, and the dietary exposure of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables can be properly evaluated.

Ecological Adaptation and Succession of Human Fecal Microbial Communities in an Automated In Vitro Fermentation System

“…Among the available gut models, SHIME is widely used due to (i) its automation, (ii) the possibility of sampling larger volumes more frequently (although this benefit comes with a requirement for large quantity of feed medium), (iii) the possibility of tightly controlling pH, temperature, and flow rate between the colon regions, (iv) the flexibility to configure multiple parallel units and different compartments, and (v) the possibility of performing longitudinal sampling in consecutive colon regions ( 14 , 21 , 22 ). While a majority of studies used SHIME to test the effects of drugs, xenobiotics, and supplements on in vitro microbial communities ( 21 , 23 – 26 ), it can also be used to study microbial ecology ( 27 , 28 ).…”

Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review

“…their ability to penetrate into the body and be distributed among the tissues [ 125 ]. Several studies reported that bioavailability of pollutants can vary depending on pH and the type of the food being digested [ [126] , [127] , [128] ]. Pesticide sedimentation rate is significantly affected by the fat content of food [ 126 , 127 , 129 , 130 ].…”

“…Several studies reported that bioavailability of pollutants can vary depending on pH and the type of the food being digested [ [126] , [127] , [128] ]. Pesticide sedimentation rate is significantly affected by the fat content of food [ 126 , 127 , 129 , 130 ]. The diet rich in fish and other foods of animal origin increases the effect of POPs compared to the diet rich in foods of vegetable origin [ 131 ].…”

In vitro models of gut digestion across childhood: current developments, challenges and future trends

“…Indeed, in vitro upper and lower GI systems would help investigating the interactions of food chemical contaminants with main physicochemical parameters of the child digestive tract (low pH, enzymes, bile…), as well as resident gut microbiota (so called toxicomicrobiomics) (Abdelsalam et al, 2020;Sharma et al, 2017;Tralau et al, 2015). They would thus give useful information on the fate, bioaccessibility and metabolization (if any, especially by gut microbiota) of those compounds in the child gut, when ingested with different food matrices, taking also into account the role of soil that is frequently swallowed by infants (Defois et al, 2018(Defois et al, , 2017Joly et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2018;Yin et al, 2016). Lastly, all the potentialities of child in vitro models applied to food pollutants may be extended to food additives, e.g.…”