Study of Factors Affecting the Ablation Rate of Phenolic Resin/Fiber Glass

Winya, Nattawat; Boonpan, Adulyasak; Prapunkarn, Komson

doi:10.7763/ijcea.2013.v4.302

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…) [8], a large increase in the ablation resistance was observed when the phenolic resin was modified by the functionalized silica sols. This result can be used as a basis to increase the ablation resistance of formulations used in industrial practice.…”

Section: Ablation Testsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Modification of a Phenolic Resin with Epoxy- and Methacrylate-Functionalized Silica Sols to Improve the Ablation Resistance of Their Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Geng

You

et al. 2014

Polymers

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Functionalized silica sols were obtained by the hydrolytic condensation of (γ-methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPMS), (γ-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Three different sols were obtained: MPS (derived from MPMS and TEOS), GPS-MPS (derived from GPMS, MPMS and TEOS), and GPSD (derived from GPMS, TEOS and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA). These silica sols were mixed with a phenolic resin (PR). Ethylenediamine was used as a hardener for epoxy-functionalized sols and benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator of the free-radical polymerization of methacrylate-functionalized silica sols. Glass fiber-reinforced composites were obtained from the neat PR and MPS-PR, GPS-MPS-PR and GPSD-PR. The resulting composites were evaluated as ablation resistant materials in an acetylene-oxygen flame. A large increase in the ablation resistance was observed when the PR was modified by the functionalized silica sols. The ablation resistance of the composites decreased as follows: GPSD-PR > MPS-PR > GPS-MPS-PR > PR.

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Section: Ablation Testsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Reinforced phenolic composites have been extensively used as ablation materials on intercontinental missile warheads and space shuttles [6]. However, there is still need to improve their ablation resistance, a fact that can be accomplished by a convenient design of the chemical structure of the matrix [7], or the cure cycle [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of a Phenolic Resin with Epoxy- and Methacrylate-Functionalized Silica Sols to Improve the Ablation Resistance of Their Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Geng

You

et al. 2014

Polymers

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“…While Robert et al investigated about the silica‐phenolic composite mutated with nanoclay, Paydayesh et al evaluated about the organoclay‐modified phenolic resin matrix. Wang et al and Winya et al focused on the incorporation of phenolic resin with nano‐aluminum oxide and glass fiber. All those composites that were prepared according to the aforementioned inclusion of different fillers and reinforcements are being exploited in the rocket motor insulation.…”

Section: Polymeric Materials As Ablatives In Thermal Protection: An Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

George

Panda

Mohanty

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Catastrophic breakdown that occurs during the flight of supersonic vehicles demands more focused research in the insulation of rocket engines. At present, optimization of polymeric ablatives as viable insulation for solid rocket motor casing has a prominent role in the successful mission of rockets. Among polymers, elastomer serves an imperative part. Comprehensive investigations were disclosed, especially in the elastomeric heat shielding materials with various reinforcing agents. In this paper, research progress of mostly used elastomers is reviewed, and a circumstantial understanding about the features of ablation and insulation has been validated. 2-4 Therefore, to protect the vehicle from miserable failure of spacecraft, some design features are added to cope with the aerodynamic heating. 5Thermal protection system (TPS) materials impart heat shield to protect the structure, aerodynamic surface and the payload of missiles, and those vehicles interacting with the hypersonic environment. 6,7 Polymeric ablative materials serve to effect as TPS that defends space vehicles and probes during the atmospheric entry; they are effective to produce passively cooled rocket combustion chambers 8 and to render insulation to the solid rocket motors (SRMs) at high temperature. [9][10][11] Although some nonpolymeric materials such as inorganic polymers/ceramics or metals have been used as ablative TPS, polymeric ablatives represent the most flexible category of ablatives. In contrast to the inorganic polymers, polymer ablatives have more inborn benefits: high-heat shock resistance, lower density, good mechanical strength, and thermal insulation capabilities. 12The broad range of heat shielding materials (HSMs) for rocket motor casing is produced from reinforced thermosets or elastomers. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The most assuring material for the HSM for rocket motors is the elastomers, which can be produced as rubbers, foamed rubbers, or fiber-reinforced composite materials. On the grounds of lightweight, low thermal conductivity, stability in the mechanical and thermal stresses during the operation, elastomeric HSMs (EHSMs) can find relevance in the insulation of SRM casing where thermal insulation is a prime necessity. They do not possess the ability to form cokes without the introduction of special additives due to the linear chain structure of elastomers, thus no solid carbonic residue on thermal decomposition.Also, elastomers have high elongation at break and the capacity to withstand the mechanical and the thermal stresses during the manufacturing and in use. 20This review puts the elastomeric materials as ablative insulators for SRM into frame and would confer the readers the progress that has been attained in developing relatively low surface eroding and ablative insulating systems for SRM. These systems can be used to manufacture variety of ablative TPS systems for rocket motor casing application and would provide an idea regarding the composite system that would behave elastomeric as well as ablative. Scrutini...

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“…C/C composites bonded to a modified phenolic resin have been important materials for many years as thermal protection systems for a variety of advanced industries, particularly the military and aerospace. Phenolic resins (PRs) based on phenol and formaldehyde have been widely used in the manufacture of various parts of automobiles [1], thermal insulators with high performance as thermal ablative materials especially in aerospace and aircraft [2][3][4], in industrial tunnels [5]. It is an important material in high-technology applications, because of its high reliability, structural integrity, thermal stability, and resistance to chemical media [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Modification of C/C Ablative Composites for High-Temperature Insulation Applications

Al-Falahi

2023

RCMA

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This study focuses on the modification and thermal analysis of eight distinct carboncarbon (C/C) composite types, designed as advanced thermal insulators. The investigation proceeded along two primary pathways. Firstly, an examination was conducted on the impact of phenolic resin modification, aimed at diminishing the erosion rate of these composites when exposed to an oxyacetylene flame. This involved integrating ammonia molecules with nickel ions in a complex, facilitating hydrogenoxygen bonding, as evidenced by the pronounced broad band of hydroxyl (OH) groups in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The presence of this nickel complex was observed to accelerate the graphitization level (GL). Secondly, a comprehensive thermo-mathematical analysis was undertaken on C/C models subjected to oxy-acetylene flames, utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM) as simulated via the ANSYS software package. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted at 1650℃ revealed the presence of both graphite and turbostratic structures, designated as T&G. This signifies an enhanced GL in resins modified with 10 wt.% of the nickel complex Ni(CH2COCH2COCH3)2.2NH3, compared to those with 3 and 5 wt.% modifications. The effectiveness of modified C/C composites was found to be contingent on the specific type of additive and reinforcement used. Furthermore, a notable convergence between practical and mathematical analysis results was observed, establishing a reliable database for optimizing the selection of insulation type and thickness in practical applications. This investigation underscores the significance of chemical modifications in enhancing the thermal insulation properties of C/C composites. The findings hold substantial implications for the development of high-performance insulation materials, particularly in contexts demanding resistance to extreme temperatures and erosive environments.

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Study of Factors Affecting the Ablation Rate of Phenolic Resin/Fiber Glass

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Modification of a Phenolic Resin with Epoxy- and Methacrylate-Functionalized Silica Sols to Improve the Ablation Resistance of Their Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Modification of a Phenolic Resin with Epoxy- and Methacrylate-Functionalized Silica Sols to Improve the Ablation Resistance of Their Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

Thermal Analysis and Modification of C/C Ablative Composites for High-Temperature Insulation Applications

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