Study of Ethanol-Blended Fuel (E85) Effects Under Cold-Start Conditions

Aikawa, Kazuhiko; Sakurai, Takayuki; Hayashi, Aruto

doi:10.4271/2009-01-0620

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The chemistry of the ethanol also suppresses knock. The negative effect of these attributes is a much more problematic cold start [12][13][14], since fuel evaporation is more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic gas emissions from a stoichiometric direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline blends

Kar

Tharp

Radovanovic

et al. 2010

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The chemistry of the ethanol also suppresses knock. The negative effect of these attributes is a much more problematic cold start [12][13][14], since fuel evaporation is more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic gas emissions from a stoichiometric direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline blends

Kar

Tharp

Radovanovic

et al. 2010

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…• cranking rpm: Brusstar et al found that increasing the cranking rpm improves startability through a higher effective compression ratio and air velocity [156]. Conversely Colpin et al [155] and Aikawa et al [157] found no significant improvement and stated that the cranking rpm of 1500 used by Brusstar et al is not realistic.…”

Section: Cold Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Verhelst

Turner

Sileghem

et al. 2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

712

208

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Transportation of people and goods largely relies on the use of fossil hydrocarbons, contributing to global warming and problems with local air quality. There are a number of alternatives to fossil fuels that can avoid a net carbon emission and can also decrease pollutant emissions. However, many have significant difficulty in competing with fossil fuels due to either limited availability, limited energy density, high cost, or a combination of these. Methanol (CH 3 OH) is one of these alternatives, which was demonstrated in large fleet trials during the 1980s and 1990s, and is currently again being introduced in various places and applications. It can be produced from fossil fuels, but also from biomass and from renewable energy sources in carbon capture and utilization schemes. It can be used in pure form or as a blend component, in internal combustion engines (ICEs) or in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). These features added to the fact it is a liquid fuel, making it an efficient way of storing and distributing energy, make it stand out as one of the most attractive scalable alternatives. This review focuses on the use of methanol as a pure fuel or blend component for ICEs. First, we introduce methanol historically, briefly introduce the various methods for its production, and summarize health and safety of using methanol as a fuel. Then, we focus on its use as a fuel for ICEs. The current data on the physical and chemical properties relevant for ICEs are reviewed, highlighting the differences with fuels such as ethanol and gasoline. These are then related to the research reported on the behaviour of methanol and methanol blends in spark ignition and compression ignition engines. Many of the properties of methanol that are significantly different from those of for example gasoline (such as its high heat of vaporization) lead to advantages as well as challenges. Both are extensively discussed. Methanol's performance, in terms of power output, peak and part load efficiency, and emissions formation is summarized, for so-called flex-fuel engines

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“…To overcome the cold starting issues, the air‐fuel mixture is enriched and it leads to a higher level of engine‐out emissions like CO, HC, and aldehyde emissions 192,193 . So far, the fuel additives and cold start systems (CSS) such as auxiliary gasoline injection in the port or manifold, ethanol, and air heating system are adopted to overcome the drivability issues of FFE in many studies 194,195 . To improve the cold start effect in FFE the various operating parameters (activation and preheating time of ethanol, air heating system, secondary gasoline injection, spark timing, throttle position, and alternator delay) in EMS have to be calibrated according to the engine coolant or ambient temperature 196 .…”

Section: Challenges Associated With Ethanol As a Fuel In Flex‐fuel En...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…192,193 So far, the fuel additives and cold start systems (CSS) such as auxiliary gasoline injection in the port or manifold, ethanol, and air heating system are adopted to overcome the drivability issues of FFE in many studies. 194,195 To improve the cold start effect in FFE the various operating parameters (activation and preheating time of ethanol, air heating system, secondary gasoline injection, spark timing, throttle position, and alternator delay) in EMS have to be calibrated according to the engine coolant or ambient temperature. 196 Initially, the auxiliary gasoline injection is introduced at the intake manifold with an auxiliary fuel supply system, which assists the vehicle during the cold start and warm-up.…”

Section: Cold Start Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Azhaganathan

Ashok

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Ethanol‐powered spark ignition (SI) engines have the potential to mitigate the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and exhaust emissions. However, the successful promotion of ethanol is hindered due to the restriction of fuel blend diversity and design features in the conventional SI engine. The fuel flexibility can be overcome by the use of flex‐fuel engine (FFE) technology with appropriate changes in engine design features for a wide range of ethanol blends. The understanding of FFE based on various technical aspects has greater potential in the automotive sector. Therefore, this review paper provides a holistic approach to critically analyze the various technical aspects of FFE. In this work, the application of ethanol blends on FFE output characteristics is reviewed critically considering the effects of engine operating conditions and parameters. Further, the impact of ethanol blends on material compatibility, cold starting characteristics, and unregulated emissions are analyzed. The outcome of the study shows that combustion and performance characteristics such as cylinder pressure(CP), heat release rate (HRR), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are improved in FFE operation due to the clean‐burning characteristics of ethanol blends. Also, carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased without any significant improvement in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions with a wide range of ethanol shares in FFE. Finally, this study summarizes the present status of research in FFE and creates a route towards the direction of multidisciplinary research need in the future that supports the application of different types of biofuels in FFE.

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Study of Ethanol-Blended Fuel (E85) Effects Under Cold-Start Conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Organic gas emissions from a stoichiometric direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline blends

Organic gas emissions from a stoichiometric direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline blends

Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

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