Study of emissions into the atmosphere from the combustion of pellets and solid waste

Abstract

The problem of waste is becoming increasingly urgent as the volume of waste and its negative impact on the environment grow. Thermal treatment is one of the most effective methods of reducing the volume of waste, but it also results in the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. Therefore, the study of air emissions from the incineration of different types of waste, as well as pellets made from different types of wood, was the aim of this research. During the visit to the solid waste landfill in Rybne village, waste samples were collected for further research. A comparative analysis of the level of emissions into the atmosphere of a mixture of waste corresponding to the morphological composition of the solid waste landfill in Rybne village was carried out. A comparative analysis was also carried out for the level of air emissions and calorific value of each type of waste, pellets and their mixtures. The study showed that the level of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air depends on the type of waste and the technology of its incineration. The highest pollutant emissions are observed during the incineration of plastic, rubber and bio-waste. Solid fuels such as wood, paper and textiles emit fewer pollutants. A graph comparing the calorific value of different types of waste and pellets with the levels of air emissions has been developed. The graph shows that, as a rule, the higher the calorific value of the fuel, the lower the levels of pollutant emissions. The results of the study are valuable in practice for improving the methods of household waste utilisation for heat production, in particular, for selecting fuel compositions that minimise the levels of the studied pollutants in the air