Study of electrocaloric effect and harvested pyroelectric energy density of ferroelectric material

Study of electro-elastocaloric effect and pyroelectric energy density in piezocomposites

“…The computed area under the simulated curve is 287 J l −1 . The estimated pyroelectric energy density is comparatively larger than the previously documented value of 176.8 J l −1 [45]. The difference is observed due to the consideration of temperature dependent material constants in the simulation.…”

“…A ring-type heater was fixed into the sample holder to ensure uniform heating of the specimen and the temperature of the sample was monitored using a K-type thermocouple. To withstand the combined thermal and high electrical loading a custommade sample holder was made from machinable glass ceramic (Macor) [45]. The dielectric response was measured using a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit and longitudinal strain is captured by laser-vibrometer (NVL-2500-5).…”

“…−1 and 0.345 J g −1 K −1 . The C p is considered to be constant since the deviation of the value of the specific heat is less than 10% over the span of 170 °C [45].…”

“…As an alternative approach, Thacher proposed a simple indirect method to evaluate the caloric effect in the caloric materials [40]. However, this method has some limitation on predicting the ECE [39,[41][42][43][44] and the reason for the same has been elaborated in the literature [45,46].…”

“…Visco-elastic models have also been developed to predict the evolution of electro-mechanical variables when piezocomposites are subjected to mechanical loads [66]. To solve the nonlinear models, a simple non-iterative scheme has also been reported which will improve the computational efficiency [45,67].…”