“…The utilization of electrically resistive Joule heating to drive SME is desirable and convenient to apply in a number of real-life applications, especially where direct heating is not easily achieved. A variety of conductive fillers from zero dimensional particles, one dimensional chains to two dimensional films, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [22], carbon black [23], carbon nanofibers (CNFs) [24,25], magnetic particles [26], short carbon fibers [27,28], conductive alignment [29,30], CNF mat [31] and nanopaper [32] have been used in the SMP nanocomposites. These conductive fillers not only enable remote actuation of shape transitions but also enhance the thermal conductivity [33][34][35].…”