Study of electrical properties of La3+/Mn4+-modified PbTiO3 nanoceramics

Abstract

The nanoscale samples of Pb 0.90 La 0.10 (Ti 1-x Mn x ) 0.975 O 3 (x = 0.0, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.10) compounds were prepared using high-energy ball-milling method. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and high-resolution X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to verify the phase formation. Single-phase compounds were formed exhibiting tetragonal system. The presence of impedance and modulus spectroscopic data was used to gain an insight into the electrical properties of the samples and with a view to observing the relaxations in them. Impedance studies show non-freq-type behavior and the relaxation frequency shift toward higher frequency side with increase in temperature. An equivalent circuit has been used to provide a complete picture of the material. The difference between localized (i.e., dielectric relaxation) and non-localized conduction (i.e., long-range conductivity) processes within the bulk of the material may be discerned by the presence or the absence of a peak in the imaginary impedance and modulus versus frequency plot.

Tailoring of electrical properties of BiFeO3 by praseodymium

“…The flattening is much clearer in low-frequency region, suggesting domination of DC conduction behavior. In the case of Debye model, the value of n is unity [25]. In another case, the motion of charge carriers is translational because of small value of n (<1).…”

Studies on electrical properties of MgO/Pr6O11 nanocomposite

“…The DC activation energy ( E DC ) is calculated from the Arrhenius equation (using equation (4)). 15 The value of E DC was found to be 0.2139, 0.1999, 0.1913 and 0.1849 eV for 1 KHz, 2 KHz, 3 KHz and 4 KHz, respectively.…”

“…From the figure, it is seen that σ AC increases linearly with the increasing temperature. This may indicate that the AC conductivity is a thermally activated process, and it can be analysed according to the well-known Arrhenius equation: 15…”

“…From the figure, it is seen that AC increases linearly with the increasing temperature. This may indicate that the AC conductivity is a thermally activated process, and it can be analysed according to the well-known Arrhenius equation: 15 ¼ 0 exp ðÀE AC =k TÞ (4) where 0 is the constant, E AC is the activation energy for conduction, T is the absolute temperature, k is the Boltzmann's constant and 0 is the pre-exponential factor including the charge carrier mobility and density of states.…”

Dielectric and Electrical Properties of BiFeO3–LiTaO3 Systems

“…The region where the peaks occur is indicative of the transition from long-range to short-range mobility. 42 Figure 7 shows the complex impedance spectra (Nyquist plot) of BiFeO 3 and (Bi 0.5 Li 0.5 )(Fe 0.5 Ta 0.5 )O 3 . The presence of non-semicircles or asymmetric and/or distorted semicircles up to a temperature of 280°C for both compounds suggests the presence of non-Debyetype relaxation.…”