Study of Elastin, Hydrolyzed Collagen and Collagen-like Products in a Tri-Layered Chitosan Membrane to Test Anti-Aging Skin Properties

Abstract

The use of animal testing in the cosmetic industry is already prohibited in more than 40 countries, including those of the EU. The pressure for it to be banned worldwide in the future is increasing, so the need for animal alternatives is of great interest today. In addition, using animals and humans in scientific research is ethically reprehensible. This study aimed to prove some of the anti-aging properties of elastin (EL), hydrolyzed collagen (HC), and two vegan collagen-like products (Veg Col) in a tri-layered chitosan membrane that was ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). In the first approach, as a way of representing different layers of a biological system, such as the epidermis and the two dermis sublayers, EL, HC, or Veg Col were independently introduced into the two inner layers (2L(i+b)). Their effects were compared with those of their introduction into three layers (3L). Different experiments were performed on the membrane to test its elasticity, hydration, moisture retention, and pore reduction at different concentrations of EL, HC, and Veg Col, and the results were normalized vs. a blank membrane. This new alternative to animal or human testing can be suitable for proving certain efficacy claims for active ingredients or products in the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic fields.

Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions for Topical Delivery of Tripeptide-3: From Design of Experiment to Anti-Sebum Efficacy on Facial Skin

“…The great variation is impacted by various factors such as genetics and lifestyle that influence facial pore enlargement. In addition, the existing collagen density on the face compromised the refining effect [ 53 ]. The optimized NEs from this study did not show an advantage on porphyrin reduction.…”

Creation of Chemically Tri-Layered Collagen Crosslinked Membranes and Their Comparison with Ionically Tri-Layered Chitosan Crosslinked Membranes to Study Human Skin Properties

“…Finally, the effect on permeation with mechanically made pores has been studied. With respect to the previous articles [17,26], the type of water present in collagen membranes has been studied by means of the weight loss test. On the other hand, properties such as elasticity or swelling index have been differentiated between each other in order to widen the range of possibilities for future use.…”