In Alzheimer’s
disease, neurons slowly degenerate due to
the accumulation of misfolded amyloid β and tau proteins. In
our research, we performed extended studies directed at amyloid β
and tau aggregation inhibition using
in cellulo
(
Escherichia coli
model of protein aggregation),
in silico
, and
in vitro
kinetic studies.
We tested our library of 1-benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl multifunctional
anti-Alzheimer’s agents and identified very potent dual aggregation
inhibitors. Among the tested derivatives, we selected compound
18
, which exhibited a unique profile of biological activity.
This compound was the most potent and balanced dual aggregation inhibitor
(Aβ
42
inhibition (inh.) 80.0%, tau inh. 68.3% in
10 μM), with previously reported
in vitro
inhibitory
activity against
h
BuChE,
h
BACE1,
and Aβ (
h
BuChE IC
50
= 5.74 μM;
h
BACE1 IC
50
= 41.6 μM; Aβ aggregation
(aggr.) inh. IC
50
= 3.09 μM). In docking studies
for both proteins, we tried to explain the different structural requirements
for the inhibition of Aβ vs tau. Moreover, docking and kinetic
studies showed that compound
18
could inhibit the amyloid
aggregation process at several steps and also displayed disaggregating
properties. These results may help to design the next generations
of dual or selective aggregation inhibitors.