Study of di-hydrogen (Na; K or NH4) orthophosphates in aqueous solutions at temperatures from 298.15 K to 353.15 K

Isopiestic Determination of Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of the {yNaH2PO4 + (1 – y)Na2HPO4}(aq) System at T = 298.15 K

“…Figure is a plot of all of the osmotic coefficients of NaH 2 PO 4 (aq) at T = 298.15 K. As can clearly be seen from this plot, the isopiestic results of Pavićević et al are discrepant from all of the other studies and are not considered further. Also, the hygrometric results of El Guendouzi and Benbiyi are systematically lower than isopiestic results at intermediate molalities but are higher at high molalities.…”

“…Osmotic coefficients of NaH 2 PO 4 (aq) vs the stoichiometric molality: open circle, Childs et al; square position indicator, Pavićević et al; position indicator, Scatchard and Breckenridge; asterisk, Stokes; solid circle, Ivanović et al, open triangle, El Guendouzi and Benbiyi; solid triangle, Platford; solid star, Wood and Platford; cross product, Scharge et al; open star, Filippov and Charykova; red times, Filippov et al; open square, this research; red-dotted curve, calculated from the extended Pitzer model with parameters from Table , all at T = 298.15 K.…”

“…Based on the consistency among the remaining data sets, if we take the fixed cutoff criterion of Δϕ = ±0.0081 (three standard uncertainties or >99% confidence limit), then we exclude the following few outlying values: Scatchard and Breckenridge, m = 0.9239 mol·kg –1 ; Scharge et al, m = 0.3360 mol·kg –1 ; El Guendouzi and Benbiyi, m = 0.1 and 7.9 mol·kg –1 ; Filippov and Charykova, m = 7.427 mol·kg –1 ; and Filippov et al, m = 7.589 mol·kg –1 . That reduced the number of experimental points to 160, and the standard uncertainty was reduced to u (ϕ) = 0.0022 for the extended Pitzer model whose parameters are reported in Table .…”

“…Differences between experimental and osmotic coefficients of the investigated NaH 2 PO 4 (aq) solutions at T = 298.15 K, where 160 osmotic coefficients were treated by the Clegg–Pitzer–Brimblecombe model and whose parameters are reported in Table : open circle, Childs et al; position indicator, Scatchard and Breckenridge; asterisk, Stokes; open triangle, El Guendouzi and Benbiyi; solid triangle, Platford; solid star, Wood and Platford; cross product, Scharge et al; open star, Filippov and Charykova; red times, Filippov et al; solid circle, Ivanović et al; open square, this research.…”

Bubble-induced convection stabilizes the local pH during solar water splitting in neutral pH electrolytes

“…It is also known that the activity coefficients of buffer species are not unity in dense solutions. 50,51 Finally, the higher viscosity in dense solutions would affect both the momentum diffusion and momentum exchange term in eqn (3). Overall, these effects are expected to influence the mass-transport close to the electrodes.…”